Instrumental conditioning of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster

Murphey, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(67)80027-7

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Punishment has been studied mostly with rats (e.g., Apple & Peterson, ; Azrin & Holz, ) and to a lesser extent with pigeons (e.g., Azrin, ; Wesp, Lattal, & Poling, ) and humans (e.g., Kuroda, Cançado, & Podlesnik, ; Pietras, Brandt, & Searcy, ; Rasmussen & Newland, ; Weiner, ). Punishment also has been studied with Siamese fighting fish ( Betta splendens ; Hurtado‐Parrado, Acevedo‐Triana, & Pear, in press) as well as some invertebrate animals such as fruit flies ( drosophila ; e.g., Brembs, ; Murphey, ) and honey bees ( Apis mellifera ; e.g., Smith, Abramson, & Tobin, ). The observation that punishment occurs across a wide phylogenetic range suggests potentially similar effects with zebrafish.…”

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Predator videos and electric shock function as punishers for zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Kuroda

Mizutani

Cançado

et al. 2018

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a promising animal model for studying the effects of gene–environment interactions on behavior. Two experiments were conducted to assess punishment effects of presenting predator videos (Indian leaf fish; Nandus nandus) and electric shock on operant approach responses in zebrafish. In Experiment 1, the predator video and shock stimuli were presented upon a response maintained by a single variable‐interval schedule of food reinforcement in different groups of fish. In Experiment 2, the predator video and shock stimuli were presented upon one of two response alternatives maintain by concurrently available variable‐interval schedules of food reinforcement in different groups of fish. Responding decreased when the predator video and shock stimuli were presented relative to their absence in both experiments. Moreover, responding on an unpunished alternative did not reliably decrease in Experiment 2. These results indicate that the decrease in responding resulted from the punishment contingency rather than from elicited species‐specific defense responses or conditioned avoidance. Thus, the predator video and electric shock functioned as punishers of operant behavior for zebrafish. Identifying punishers for this species could lead to research on how gene–environment interactions influence individual differences in sensitivity to punishment.

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confidence: 99%

Predator videos and electric shock function as punishers for zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Kuroda

Mizutani

Cançado

et al. 2018

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…Later, Hirsch and McCauley (1977) and McGuire and Hirsch (1977) provided evidence that one could do bidirectional selective breeding for performance on this task. These data are important because earlier studies by Thorpe (1939) and Murphey (1967), in reporting learning in Drosophila melanogaster, had failed the test of independent replication and selective breeding for individual differences (IDs), as reported by Manning (1967) and Yeatman and Hirsch (1971), respectively. The selection results reported by Hirsch and McCauley and by McGuire and Hirsch indicate that IDs in conditioning performance of P. regina can be scored reliably and that they reflect an underlying distribution of genotypic differences correlated with the trait.…”

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confidence: 84%

Conditioned discrimination in the blow fly,Phormia regina: Controls and bidirectional selection

Zawistowski

Hirsch

1984

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Previous behavior-genetic analyses of the blow fly, Phormia regina, using conditioned behavior have employed the Nelson procedure. Recent evidence suggests that measures of conditioning obtained with this procedure may be confounded with effects produced by nonassociative factors, base-level responsiveness, and a water-induced central excitatory state. Conditioned discrimination may be a way to avoid such confounds. Experiment 1 describes a taste discrimination procedure for conditioning P. regina, as well as the results of both a reversal and a randomized control to validate its effectiveness. Experiment 2 uses the conditioned discrimination procedure with an automatic stimulus-presentation apparatus to carry out bidirectional selective breeding for performance. Selection has produced two lines that differ significantly in conditioning performance, both from one another and from the foundation population. The results were not due to simple differences in base-level responsiveness. It is suggested that the conditioned discrimination procedure will prove useful in further behavior-genetic analyses of P. regina. The behavior-genetic analysis of a species can serve to provide information about both the genome of that species and the behaviors employed for the analysis (Zawistowski & Hirsch, 1983). Behavior-genetic analyses of the blow fly, Phormia regina, using the proboscis extension reflex (PER) have revealed interesting and potentially important information about relationships among both associative and nonassociative processes and their gene correlates. P. regina have been used for behavior studies reporting both associative effects, such as classical conditioning (Nelson, 1971), and nonassociative effects, like habituation (Dethier, 1952) or central excitatory state (CES; Dethier, Solomon, & Turner, 1965). The utility of P. regina for behavior-genetic analysis has been

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“…To highlight how the resampling definition can be applied in animal behavior and cognition research, we now discuss three case studies. The first is an archetypal "direct" replication of a learning experiment in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, in which the replicating team attempted to recreate the environment and experimental procedures of the original experiment as much as possible (Murphey, 1967;Yeatman & Hirsch, 1971). The second is a partial and "conceptual" replication of a study investigating ageing in monkeys (Almeling et al, 2016;Bliss-Moreau & Baxter, 2019), and the third is an individual-level replication of a study investigating the possibility of fast mapping in dogs (Kaminski et al, 2004;Pilley & Reid, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Replications, Comparisons, Sampling and the Problem of Representativeness in Animal Cognition Research

Farrar¹,

Voudouris²,

Clayton³

2020

Preprint

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Research in animal behaviour often involves small and idiosyncratic samples. This can constrain the generalizability and replicability of study’s results and prevent meaningful comparisons between samples. However, there is little consensus about what constitutes a replication and what makes a strong comparison in animal research. We apply a resampling definition of replication to answer these questions in Part 1 of this article, and in Part 2, we focus on the problem of representativeness in animal research. Through three case studies, we highlight how and when representativeness may be an issue in animal behavior and cognition research, and show how the representativeness problems can be viewed through the lenses of, i) replicability, ii) generalizability and external validity, iii) pseudoreplication and, iv) theory testing. Next, we discuss when and how researchers can improve their ability to learn from small sample research through, i) increasing heterogeneity in experimental design, ii) increasing homogeneity in experimental design, and, iii) statistically modeling variation. Finally, we describe how the strongest solutions will vary depending on the goals and resources of individual research programmes and discuss some barriers towards implementing them.

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Instrumental conditioning of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

Predator videos and electric shock function as punishers for zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Predator videos and electric shock function as punishers for zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Conditioned discrimination in the blow fly,Phormia regina: Controls and bidirectional selection

Replications, Comparisons, Sampling and the Problem of Representativeness in Animal Cognition Research

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