Instrumentation and Principles of Flame Spectrometry. Multichannel Flame Spectrometer

Abstract

The results for the determination of copper in aluminum are shown in Table 11. Two 1.000-gram samples each of the German standard and British chemical standard 198a were dissolved and extracted directly. For the BCS 198a, all results were higher than the certificate value 0.003.The procedure for extracting the copper( I)-neocuproine complex is the same for solders and aluminum alloys. The procedures for dissolving the samples and keeping salts in solution piior to the extraction are specific for different alloys.The method has been tested in the range 0.0017 to 0.3% for copper in aluminum standard sampled and 0.004 to 0.4% copper in solder standard samples.A4 high concentration of aluminum was found to prevent the complete extraction of copper by neocuproine. The addition of hydrofluoric acid remedied this interference. When sodium fluoride \vas added instead of hydrofluoric acid, extraction of the copper complex was not complete.

Euglena gracilis, A Test Organism for Study of Zinc

“…The spectrographic procedure and the flame spectrometry of potassium and sodium have been described (19,22 (6) provided the basis for developing virtually zinc-free growth conditions. By deleting non-essential components, a still simpler medium was obtained (table I).…”

Demand-Pull and Science-Push in Multielement Analysis

“…I can date my own involvement in this subject to 1954, when I worked on a five-channel flame emission spectrometer designed to measure sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and strontium in biological fluids (6), The instrument was a technical success-it worked extremely well. I take special pride in having incorporated into it an automatic correction for background (7), which is now quite common but was entirely novel then.…”

Sample Flow Rate. Critical Parameter of Spectral Excitation in Cyanogen- and Hydrogen-Oxygen Flames

“…EXPERIMENTAL Two spectrographs, a Hilger E2 medium quartz instrument and a 1meter concave grating in a Paschen Runge mounting, were placed at opposite ends of the same optical bench, sharing a common optic axis on which a cyanogen-oxygen (6) or a standard Beckman hydrogen-oxygen burner were placed, properly aligned with both instruments. The prism instrument incorporated a photographic camera and the grating instrument was provided with multiplier phototubes and recording circuits (15). Thus, light intensities from the sample and source were recorded photographically over the spectral range from 2000 to 5000 A.; simultaneously, a number of selected lines were studied by direct-reading photoelectric means.…”

“…Multiplier phototubes were mounted at the focal plane of the grating and provided with exit slits. Line and background were measured and corrected as described (8,9,15), at various flow rates and at various points along the vertical flame axis.…”

“…The cyanogen-oxygen flame, because of its high temperature, has greatly extended the scope and the analytical potential of flame spectrometry (8-5, 10, 12-14). Moreover, by making this stable simple flame, which exceeds the temperature of conventional ones by 1700°C ., available, an important new experimental device has been provided for the examination of a variety of theroretical and practical questions concerning the mechanisms of flame excitation (8,9,15).…”