Instruments for measuring cognitive reserve: A systematic review

Landenberger, Thaís; Cardoso, Nicolas de Oliveira; Oliveira, Camila Rosa de; Argimon, Irani Iracema de Lima

doi:10.5935/1980-6906/psicologia.v21n2p58-74

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is important that future studies in this topic control for CR to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of CS in executive and cognitive outcomes. Hence, an effort has to be made in order to include the existing measures—the Cognitive Reserve Scale (CRS), Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq), and Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire (CRQ) [ 49 ]—either in assessment protocols or in intervention plans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Stimulation on People with Mild to Moderate Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Oliveira

Gamito

Souto

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of ecologically oriented approaches with virtual reality (VR) depicting instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a promising approach for interventions on acquired brain injuries. However, the results of such an approach on dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are still lacking. This research reports on a pilot randomized controlled trial that aimed to explore the effect of a cognitive stimulation reproducing several IADL in VR on people with mild-to-moderate dementia caused by AD. Patients were recruited from residential care homes of Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Amadora (SCMA), which is a relevant nonprofit social and healthcare provider in Portugal. This intervention lasted two months, with a total of 10 sessions (two sessions/week). A neuropsychological assessment was carried out at the baseline and follow-up using established neuropsychological instruments for assessing memory, attention, and executive functions. The sample consisted of 17 patients of both genders randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The preliminary results suggested an improvement in overall cognitive function in the experimental group, with an effect size corresponding to a large effect in global cognition, which suggests that this approach is effective for neurocognitive stimulation in older adults with dementia, contributing to maintaining cognitive function in AD.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Stimulation on People with Mild to Moderate Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Oliveira

Gamito

Souto

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With this study, we have been able to harmonise and adapt the LEQ across countries and show good concurrent and structural validity, thus strengthening previous evidence (Valenzuela and Sachdev, 2007 ). This cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the LEQ is particularly timely, given recent calls for improvements to CR measures (Kartschmit et al, 2019 ; Landenberger et al, 2019 ). We believe that this effort will aid the comparison of complex mental activity across countries in international studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the LEQ appears to be a promising tool to capture CR (Kartschmit et al, 2019 ). However, cross-cultural adaptation is pending (Landenberger et al, 2019 ). Further, the LEQ needs to be translated and the education and occupation systems harmonised so that it can be used for international comparisons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonisation and Between-Country Differences of the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire in Older Adults

Ourry

Marchant

Schild

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ) assesses complex mental activity across the life-course and has been associated with brain and cognitive health. The different education systems and occupation classifications across countries represent a challenge for international comparisons. The objectives of this study were four-fold: to adapt and harmonise the LEQ across four European countries, assess its validity across countries, explore its association with brain and cognition and begin to investigate between-country differences in life-course mental activities.Method: The LEQ was administered to 359 cognitively unimpaired older adults (mean age and education: 71.2, 13.2 years) from IMAP and EU-funded Medit-Ageing projects. Education systems, classification of occupations and scoring guidelines were adapted to allow comparisons between France, Germany, Spain and United Kingdom. We assessed the LEQ's (i) concurrent validity with a similar instrument (cognitive activities questionnaire - CAQ) and its structural validity by testing the factors' structure across countries, (ii) we investigated its association with cognition and neuroimaging, and (iii) compared its scores between countries.Results: The LEQ showed moderate to strong positive associations with the CAQ and revealed a stable multidimensional structure across countries that was similar to the original LEQ. The LEQ was positively associated with global cognition. Between-country differences were observed in leisure activities across the life-course.Conclusions: The LEQ is a promising tool for assessing the multidimensional construct of cognitive reserve and can be used to measure socio-behavioural determinants of cognitive reserve in older adults across countries. Longitudinal studies are warranted to test further its clinical utility.

show abstract

“…This test is composed of eight items that measure different intellectual enrichment factors, including the individual's education, their parent's education, training courses, occupation, musical training, language studies, reading activity, and intellectual games in which they have participated during their adult lifetime. Items do not contemplate a specific period, thus addressing experiences throughout life (23). This questionnaire was administered by an experienced neuropsychologist before the cognitive assessment.…”

Section: Assessment Of Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Cognitive Reserve and Structural Connectivity on Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) could attenuate the impact of the brain burden on the cognition in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).Objective: To explore the relationship between CR and structural brain connectivity and investigate their role on cognition in PwMS cognitively impaired (PwMS-CI) and cognitively preserved (PwMS-CP).Methods: In this study, 181 PwMS (71% female; 42.9 ± 10.0 years) were evaluated using the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire (CRQ), Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological tests, and MRI. Brain lesion and gray matter volumes were quantified, as was the structural network connectivity. Patients were classified as PwMS-CI (z scores = −1.5 SD in at least two tests) or PwMS-CP. Linear and multiple regression analyses were run to evaluate the association of CRQ and structural connectivity with cognition in each group. Hedges's effect size was used to compute the strength of associations.Results: We found a very low association between CRQ scores and connectivity metrics in PwMS-CP, while in PwMS-CI, this relation was low to moderate. The multiple regression model, adjusted for age, gender, mood, lesion volume, and graph metrics (local and global efficiency, and transitivity), indicated that the CRQ (β = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.17-0.35) was associated with cognition (adj R 2 = 0.34) in PwMS-CP (55%). In PwMS-CI, CRQ (β = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.29), age, and network global efficiency were independently associated with cognition (adj R 2 = 0.55). The age-and gender-adjusted association between CRQ score and global efficiency on having an impaired cognitive status was −0.338 (OR: 0.71, p = 0.036) and −0.531 (OR: 0.59, p = 0.002), respectively.Lopez-Soley et al. Cognitive Reserve in Multiple SclerosisConclusions: CR seems to have a marginally significant effect on brain structural connectivity, observed in patients with more severe clinical impairment. It protects PwMS from cognitive decline regardless of their cognitive status, yet once cognitive impairment has set in, brain damage and aging are also influencing cognitive performance.

show abstract

Instruments for measuring cognitive reserve: A systematic review

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Stimulation on People with Mild to Moderate Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Stimulation on People with Mild to Moderate Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Harmonisation and Between-Country Differences of the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire in Older Adults

Impact of Cognitive Reserve and Structural Connectivity on Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About