Insulation

Excellent thermomagnetic power generation for harvesting waste heat via a second-order ferromagnetic transition

“…Compared with other waste heat harvesting technologies, active TMG has the advantages of a wide service temperature range, high theoretical efficiency, and is environmentally benign. 8,19 The concept of TMG was first proposed by Tesla 20 and Edison 21 in the late 19th century, but the high Curie temperature (T C ) and low efficiency of the working material (Fe) made it impractical for waste heat recovery. Hence, the key of TMG is to find materials with appropriate T C and good TMG performance.…”

Recent developments in plasma assisted physical vapour deposition

“…Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII or PI 3 ) is a unique technique of carrying out gas ion implantation which has been developed by Conrad et al [115] and Scheuer et al [116] and others [117][118][119]. One major limitation of conventional ion implantation is that it is a line-of-sight technique, since the retained dose is a strong function of the angle of incidence of the ion beam with respect to the implanted surface.…”

“…Typical PAPVD processes are evaporative ion plating, reactive sputtering and some plasma/ion beam based and/or assisted deposition techniques. Historically, the first sputtering experiments were reported by Grove in 1852 [1], early reports on evaporation were made by Faraday in 1857 [2], and the first arc deposition was patented by Edison in 1892 [3].…”