Insulin Action in Adipose Tissue and Muscle in Hypothyroidism

Dimitriadis, George; Mitrou, Panagiota; Lambadiari, Vaia; Boutati, Eleni; Maratou, Eirini; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.; Koukkou, Efi; Tzanela, Marinela; Thalassinos, N. C.; Raptis, Sotirios A.

doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0478

Cited by 202 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The association among hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and DM is described in the literature but remains to be better established. Insulin resistance is found in patients with hypothyroidism (18) and decreased glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissues exhibited in hypothyroid state in vitro (19). Impaired translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters on the plasma membrane in patients with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism (20) as well as downregulation of the hepatic glucose transporter GLUT2 (21) have been demonstrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothyroidism Is a Risk Factor for New-Onset Diabetes: A Cohort Study

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVETo identify risk factors for the development of statin-associated diabetes mellitus (DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe study was conducted in two phases. Phase one involved high-throughput in silico processing of a large amount of biomedical data to identify risk factors for the development of statin-associated DM. In phase two, the most prominent risk factor identified was confirmed in an observational cohort study at Clalit, the largest health care organization in Israel. Time-dependent Poisson regression multivariable models were performed to assess rate ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs for DM occurrence. RESULTSA total of 39,263 statin nonusers were matched by propensity score to 20,334 highly compliant statin initiators in [2004][2005] CONCLUSIONSHypothyroidism is a risk factor for DM. Subclinical hypothyroidism-associated risk for DM is prominent only upon statin use. Identifying and treating hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism might reduce DM risk. Future clinical studies are needed to confirm the findings.Thyroid disease is common in the general population. Hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism are more prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is possible that hypothyroidism is a risk factor for the development of DM. Women with subclinical hypothyroidism are more likely to develop gestational diabetes (1). After restoration of thyroid function, reduction of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion has been shown in patients with hypothyroidism as well as in those with subclinical hypothyroidism (2).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothyroidism Is a Risk Factor for New-Onset Diabetes: A Cohort Study

et al. 2015

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“…Insulin resistance was assessed by the calculation of the homeostasis model assessment ratio approach (fasting glucose (mmol/l) Â fasting insulin (mUI/ ml)/22.5) and the formula by Matsuda and Defronzo (10 000/ the square root of (fasting glucose (mg per 100 ml) Â fasting insulin (mU/ml) Â (mean 2 h postprandial glucose from experiment 2 Â mean 2 h postprandial insulin from experiment 2), which reflects insulin sensitivity in the postabsorptive period (Matsuda and DeFronzo, 1999). This formula was used previously in mixed meal studies and correlates well with insulin sensitivity (Dimitriadis et al, 2006). Homeostasis model assessment values of 42.5 are considered indicative of insulin resistance, as suggested in the Bruneck Study (Bonora et al, 1998).…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: There is controversy over dietary protein's effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors in diabetic subjects. It is unclear whether observed effects are due to increased protein or reduced carbohydrate content of the consumed diets. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two diets differing in protein to fat ratios on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Subjects/Methods: A total of 17 obese (body mass index (BMI) ranging from 31 to 45 kg/m 2 ) volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2), aged 46 ± 3 years, consumed two diets, each for 4 weeks, with 3 weeks of washout period in a random, blind, crossover design. The diets were: (1) a high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) and (2) a low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat). Their effects on fasting glycemic control, lipid levels and blood pressure, and on postprandial glucose and insulin responses after a standard test meal at the beginning and end of each dietary intervention were analyzed. Results: Both diets were equally effective in promoting weight loss and fat loss and in improving fasting glycemic control, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but the HP-LF diet decreased to a greater extent triglyceride (TG) levels (P ¼ 0.04) when compared with the LP-HF diet. HP-LF diet improved significantly both systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with the LP-HF diet (Po0.001 and Po0.001, respectively). No differences were observed in postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Conclusions: A protein to fat ratio of 1.5 in diets significantly improves blood pressure and TG concentrations in obese individuals with DM2.

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“…This might be caused by decreased glucose utilization and turnover in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (Cettour-Rose et al, 2005). Controversial results were reported in the research of insulin sensitivity in hypothyroid human subjects (Jackson et al, 1970;Dimitriadis et al, 2006). Thus how or whether the glucose metabolism is impaired in hypothyroid humans remains unclear.…”

Section: Hypothyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone action in metabolic regulation

2011

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Thyroid hormone plays pivotal roles in growth, differentiation, development and metabolic homeostasis via thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) by controlling the expression of TR target genes. The transcriptional activity of TRs is modulated by multiple factors including various TR isoforms, diverse thyroid hormone response elements, different heterodimeric partners, coregulators, and the cellular location of TRs. In the present review, we summarize recent advance in understanding the molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action obtained from human subject research, thyroid hormone mimetics application, TR isoform-specific knock-in mouse models, and mitochondrion study with highlights in metabolic regulations. Finally, as future perspectives, we share our thoughts about current challenges and possible approaches to promote our knowledge of thyroid hormone action in metabolism.

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Insulin Action in Adipose Tissue and Muscle in Hypothyroidism

Abstract: In hypothyroidism: 1) glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue is resistant to insulin; 2) suppression of lipolysis by insulin is not impaired; and 3) hypertriglyceridemia is due to decreased clearance by the adipose tissue.

Cited by 202 publications

References 75 publications

Hypothyroidism Is a Risk Factor for New-Onset Diabetes: A Cohort Study

Hypothyroidism Is a Risk Factor for New-Onset Diabetes: A Cohort Study

A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

Thyroid hormone action in metabolic regulation

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