“…We and others have demonstrated that IIS in adult female mosquitoes regulates egg production, longevity, defenses against infection, metabolism and the host stress response (Graf et al, 1997;Riehle and Brown, 1999;Riehle and Brown, 2002;Riehle and Brown, 2003;Lim et al, 2005;Kang et al, 2007;Roy et al, 2007;Brown et al, 2008;Sim and Denlinger, 2008;Arik et al, 2009;Corby-Harris et al, 2010;Horton et al, 2010;Gulia-Nuss et al, 2011;Marquez et al, 2011;Surachetpong et al, 2011;Pakpour et al, 2012;Hauck et al, 2013;Luckhart et al, 2013;Drexler et al, 2014;Arik et al, 2015;Pietri et al, 2016;Nuss and Brown, 2018). Further, substantial data indicate that IIS-dependent phenotypes are mediated through changes in mitochondrial function ( Figure 1) in model invertebrates, mosquitoes and in mammals (Toth et al, 2008;Cheng et al, 2010;Tiefenbock et al, 2010;Luckhart et al, 2013;Sadagurski and White, 2013;Drexler et al, 2014;Mukherjee et al, 2014;Pietri et al, 2016;Chaudhari and Kipreos, 2017;Ruegsegger et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019;Wardelmann et al, 2019;Charmpilas and Tavernarakis, 2020;Sheard et al, 2020). Specifically, perturbations of both the IIS activator Akt and the inhibitor PTEN in the midgut of Anopheles...…”