Insulin and free oestradiol are independent risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Hammarsten, Jan; Damber, Jan‐Erik; Karlsson, Magnus K.; Knutson, Tomas; Ljunggren, Östen; Ohlsson, Claes; Peeker, Ralph; Smith, Ulf; Mellström, Dan

doi:10.1038/pcan.2008.50

Cited by 80 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[18][19][20] Moreover, elevated insulin levels are also linked with BPH, another prostate-related disease. 21 Among men with PC, those with C-peptide concentrations (a marker of insulin) in the highest quartile had a 2.4-fold increased PC death vs men in the lowest quartile. 22 Whether the energy surplus from weight gain, independent of obesity, produces the same microenvironment as obesity is unknown and further investigation is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Preoperative weight change and risk of adverse outcome following radical prostatectomy: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database

Whitley

Moreira

Thomas

et al. 2011

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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BACKGROUND:We examined the relationship between weight change in the year before radical prostatectomy (RP) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) and adverse pathology. METHODS:We abstracted data from 359 men undergoing RP in the SEARCH (Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital) database between [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the association between weight change in the year before surgery and adverse pathology and BCR, respectively. RESULTS:In all, 152 (42%) men gained weight, 193 (54%) lost weight and 14 (4%) had the same weight. Among weight gainers, median gain was 2.4 kg and among weight losers, median loss was 2.7 kg. As a continuous variable, weight change was not associated with adverse pathology or BCR (all P40.05). In secondary analysis, on multivariate analysis, men gaining X2.5 kg were at higher BCR risk (hazards ratio ¼ 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-2.64, P ¼ 0.04) while weight loss X2.5 kg was not associated with BCR (hazards ratio ¼ 0.83, 95% CI: 0.54-1.29, P ¼ 0.41). CONCLUSIONS:As a continuous variable, weight change was not associated with outcome. In secondary hypothesisgenerating analyses, weight gain X2.5 kg in the year before surgery, regardless of final body mass index, was associated with increased BCR following RP. If validated, these data suggest weight gain X2.5 kg may promote prostate cancer progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Preoperative weight change and risk of adverse outcome following radical prostatectomy: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database

Whitley

Moreira

Thomas

et al. 2011

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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“…The minor alleles of these SNPs were associated with an increased risk of BPH. Previous studies have shown that the serum estrogen level is associated with prostate volume and other characteristics of BPH (22,23). Although the exact role of ESR2 in the mechanism of BPH has not yet been fully determined, it is suggested that ESR2 located in epithelial cells inhibits the proliferation of the prostate and activates apoptosis in BPH (10,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor 2 and benign prostatic hyperplasia

Kim

Chung

Park

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Estrogens and estrogen receptors (ESRs) have been implicated in the stimulation of aberrant prostate growth and the development of prostate diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ESR2 gene in order to examine whether ESR2 is a susceptibility gene for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In order to evaluate whether an association exists between ESR2 and BPH risk, four polymorphisms [rs4986938 (intron), rs17766755 (intron), rs12435857 (intron) and rs1256049 (Val328Val)] of the ESR2 gene were genotyped by direct sequencing. A total of 94 patients with BPH and 79 control subjects were examined. SNPStats and Haploview version 4.2 we used for the genetic analysis. Multiple logistic regression models (codominant1, codominant2, dominant, recessive and log-additive) were produced in order to obtain the odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and P-value. Three SNPs (rs4986938, rs17766755 and rs12435857) showed significant associations with BPH (rs4986938, P=0.015 in log-additive model; rs17766755, P=0.033 in codominant1 model, P=0.019 in dominant model and P=0.020 in log-additive model; rs12435857, P=0.023 in dominant model and P=0.011 in log-additive model). The minor alleles of these SNPs increased the risk of BPH, and the AAC haplotype showed significant association with BPH (χ 2 =6.34, P=0.0118). These data suggest that the ESR2 gene may be associated with susceptibility to BPH.

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“…Recent data [27,28] have, in fact, suggested that low testosterone might be an additional MetS component that induces urinary tract disease. One investigation [29] indicated that BPH and the components of MetS shared the same endocrine aberration, which included an increased level of free estradiol, and also showed that a reduced testosterone level was not linked to the same endocrine aberration in the two diseases. However, our findings suggested there was no significant difference in the testosterone or androgen levels between the two groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Elderly Chinese Men

et al. 2014

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in elderly Chinese men. Methods: A total of 401 elderly BPH patients were divided into the without or with MetS group to assess the associations of MetS and components of MetS with BPH. Urologic evaluation included prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score, serum prostate-specific antigen, duration of concomitant lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and maximum flow rate. Results: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) were greater and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower in BPH patients with MetS than in those without MetS. The patients with MetS showed a significantly larger prostate volume (p = 0.000) and longer duration of LUTS (p = 0.006) than those without MetS. Prostate volume was positively correlated with BMI (p = 0.000), FINS (p = 0.001), HOMA-IR (p = 0.003) and inversely correlated with HDL-C (p = 0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that prostate volume was significantly correlated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.015). Conclusions: Our results suggest that MetS, BMI, low HDL-C level, increased serum insulin and especially insulin resistance are considered risk factors for prostate enlargement in elderly Chinese men.

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Insulin and free oestradiol are independent risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Cited by 80 publications

References 41 publications

Preoperative weight change and risk of adverse outcome following radical prostatectomy: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database

Preoperative weight change and risk of adverse outcome following radical prostatectomy: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database

Association between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor 2 and benign prostatic hyperplasia

Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Elderly Chinese Men

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