Insulin favors acute inflammatory reaction in alloxan-diabetic tilapia during infectious aerocystitis

Abstract

In vertebrates, the inflammatory reaction is responsible for modulating the initial nonspecific defense until specific immunity is acquired. In this context, numerous studies in mammals have demonstrated the participation of insulin in the inflammatory response, favoring cell proliferation and the migratory capacity of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and monocytes, as well as mediating the expression of pro-thrombotic and pro-fibrotic factors. However, little is known about the effect of this peptidic hormone on the inflammatory reaction in teleostean fish. In order to evaluate the participation of insulin in the acute inflammatory response of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, during aerocystitis induced by Aeromonas hydrophila, and 48 aloxane-diabetic tilapia were used, constituting two groups: diabetics treated with insulin and diabetics without treatment. After six, 24, and 48 hours of inflammatory stimulation, tilapia were submitted to deep anesthesia for euthanasia and necropsy, and thus, obtaining exudate and harvesting of the swim bladder for analysis of the inflammatory reaction. Based on this premise, the present study demonstrated the participation of insulin in the acute inflammatory reaction of alloxan-diabetic tilapia by favors the cellular accumulation in the exudate, the proliferative effect of fibrous tissue and neovascularization in the inflamed site. Such findings reinforce the old hypothesis that insulin plays an important role in the innate immune response during acute inflammatory reaction, being an important pro-inflammatory hormone. However, Nile tilapia proved to be a promising experimental model for studies and advances in research involving diabetes mellitus.

Acute-phase proteins during inflammatory reaction by bacterial infection: Fish-model

“… 48 have demonstrated that the inflammatory response of teleostean fish can effectively reproduce the inflammatory process of mammals, showing that the signaling pathways and gene expression are well conserved throughout evolution. In this context, the search for alternative experimental models that demonstrate physiological responses similar to those observed in humans has become a very relevant subject in recent years, and countless researches have used fish as an experimental model to study the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases with an interest in human medicine 49 – 56 .…”

EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH ASTAXANTHIN ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…The antioxidant effect of astaxanthin resulted in a decrease in the number of thrombocytes and leukocytes in tilapias, marked by a decrease in the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils. These results suggest the hypothesis that fish supplemented with astaxanthin had a better leukocyte response, since modulation in circulating levels of white blood cells usually occurs during inflammatory defense responses (Moraes et al, 2018;Prado et al 2018). Belo et al (2014) observed a similar effect with improved leukocyte response in pacus supplemented with vitamin E during foreign body inflammatory reaction.…”

Anisakis spp. IN TRAHIRAS (Hoplias lacerdae) FROM TELES PIRES RIVER AFFLUENT, MATO GROSSO STATE, BRAZIL

“…The biological samples (blood and fish) were stored at refrigeration temperature until the analyzes were carried out at the UFMT / Sinop Animal Pathology Laboratory. Hematological values were obtained by counting erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes in a Neubauer chamber, using the solution of Natt and Herrick (1952) and following the methodology of Prado et al (2018). For differentiation and determination of the proportion of thrombocytes and leukocytes in the blood, blood stains stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa-Wrigth (BELO et al, 2014) were performed.…”