Insulin Glargine Associated Nausea in a Patient Seen by a Collaborative Drug Therapy Management Pharmacist in an Urban Community Hospital: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus has become increasingly prevalent and a considerable health risk in the United States. Early introduction of insulin can improve overall health outcomes of patients with diabetes. With the development of long-acting insulin analogs, such as insulin glargine, limitations such as variable absorption and hypoglycemia were reduced. Majority of reported adverse drug effects secondary to insulin glargine include injection site reaction and hypoglycemia. There is limited data on gastrointestinal adverse effects, including nausea, of insulin glargine. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old female with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes was referred to the collaborative drug therapy management pharmacist for diabetes education and management. The patient was initiated on insulin glargine (Lantus®) and began to experience episodes of nausea and emesis over a 9 week period. Once the patient was switched from insulin glargine (Lantus®) to insulin detemir, symptoms subsided. Upon re-trial of insulin glargine (Lantus®), nausea and emesis-like symptoms resumed. A probable relationship between insulin glargine (Lantus®) and the reaction was estimated using the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. Conclusion: Potential mechanisms behind the relationship of insulin glargine (Lantus®) and nausea are hypothesized, however there is limited literature supporting this claim and further investigation is warranted.