Insulin in human milk: postpartum changes and effect of gestational age

Shehadeh, Naim; Khaesh-Goldberg, E; Shamir, Raanan; Perlman, Rina; Sujov, Polo; Tamir, A.; Makhoul, Imad R.

doi:10.1136/fn.88.3.f214

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Available animal data, the presence of insulin in human milk (18,28), and the observation that oral administration of insulin to preterm infants (26-29 weeks of gestational age) increases lactase activity and reduces feeding intolerance (29) suggest that it is time to investigate the role of oral insulin supplementation in humans and its possible clinical implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intestinal and Systemic Effects of Oral Insulin Supplementation in Rats After Weaning

et al. 2005

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Oral insulin has intestinal trophic effects in suckling animals. In mice, lower glucose and lipid levels may be seen when oral insulin is given after the weaning period. The purpose of the present study is to examine local and systemic effects of oral insulin supplementation in rats in the postweaning period. Immediately after weaning, Sprague-Dawley rats received either drinking water (controls) or oral insulin in their drinking water (1 U/ml) for either 1 week or 6 weeks. Intestinal mucosal parameters (bowel and mucosal weight, mucosal DNA and protein) and histological changes were examined in all study groups. Glucose levels were monitored weekly, and at the end of the study, blood levels of glucose, lipids, and insulin were measured in the fasting state. After 1 week of insulin supplementation, mucosal weight in duodenum and jejunum as well as jejunal DNA content were significantly higher in insulin-supplemented rats compared to controls. Duodenal circumference and villus height in jejunum were significantly higher in insulin-supplemented rats compared to controls on both day 7 and day 42. Total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the study group compared with the controls. We conclude that oral insulin supplementation exerts intestinal trophic effects, as well as systemic effects in the postweaning period in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intestinal and Systemic Effects of Oral Insulin Supplementation in Rats After Weaning

et al. 2005

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“…If breast-feeding has an effect on growth and obesity, it could be mediated by several factors. Components of either breast milk [e.g., leptin (2,3) or insulin (4)] or infant formula [protein (5)] may mediate the effect. Another factor could be feeding style, e.g., ''finishing the bottle'' if formula feeding (6).…”

Section: Breast-feeding and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Breast-feeding Promotion Intervention Did Not Reduce Child Obesity in Belarus

Kramer

Matush²,

Vanilovich³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Nutrition

122

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The evidence that breast-feeding protects against obesity is based on observational studies, with potential for confounding and selection bias. This article summarizes a previously published study in which we assessed whether an intervention designed to promote exclusive and prolonged breast-feeding affects children's height, weight, adiposity, and blood pressure (BP) at age 6.5 y. The Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) is a cluster-randomized trial of a breast-feeding promotion intervention based on the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. A total of 17,046 healthy breast-fed infants were enrolled from 31 Belarussian maternity hospitals and affiliated clinics, of whom 13,889 (81.5%) were followed up at 6.5 y with duplicate measurements of height, weight, waist circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, systolic and diastolic BP. Analysis was based on intention to treat, with statistical adjustment for clustering within hospitals/clinics to permit inferences at the individual level. The experimental intervention led to a large increase in exclusive breast-feeding at 3 mo (43.3% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.001) and a significantly higher prevalence of any breast-feeding throughout infancy. No significant intervention effects were observed on height, BMI, adiposity measures, or BP. The breast-feeding promotion intervention resulted in substantial increases in the duration and exclusivity of breast-feeding yet did not reduce measures of adiposity at age 6.5 y. Previous reports of protective effects against obesity may reflect uncontrolled bias caused by confounding and selection.

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“…2 The nitrogen content of the milk was analyzed with the micro-Kjeldahl method as a reference. 3 The fat content in milk was measured according to the Gerber Method as described in the Israeli standard 450.…”

Section: Milk Samples Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Beyond One Year Post-partum: Lower Content of Protein, Calcium, and Saturated Very Long–chain Fatty Acids

Shehadeh

Aslih

Shihab

et al. 2006

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Insulin in human milk: postpartum changes and effect of gestational age

Cited by 42 publications

References 15 publications

Intestinal and Systemic Effects of Oral Insulin Supplementation in Rats After Weaning

Intestinal and Systemic Effects of Oral Insulin Supplementation in Rats After Weaning

A Randomized Breast-feeding Promotion Intervention Did Not Reduce Child Obesity in Belarus

Human Milk Beyond One Year Post-partum: Lower Content of Protein, Calcium, and Saturated Very Long–chain Fatty Acids

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