Insulin: Intestinal Absorption as Water-in-Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Intestinal permeation enhancers for oral peptide delivery

“…Intestinal delivery of peptides in w/o/w emulsions was first tested over 45 years ago [308] and several prototypes have been shown to improve peptide permeability in animal models, including insulin [309] and sCT [310]. The excipients used in the stabilisation of multiple emulsions can also alter intestinal permeability (e.g.…”

Bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin: An overview

“…Various dosage formulations such as liposomes and emulsions enhanced the intestinal absorption of insoluble drugs [17,18] . Particle size reduction such as micronization, nanoparticular carriers, complexation and liquid crystalline phases also maximize drug absorption [19,20] .…”

Microstructured Devices for Preparing Controlled Multiple Emulsions

“…In the cosmetic field, the encapsulation of retinol in an O/W/O emulsion for reducing oxidation has been reported [9]. Many studies have been conducted on the pharmaceutical applications of the W/O/W emulsions because internal aqueous droplets can store water-soluble drugs for controlled release or targetable delivery [13][14][15]. Solid microcapsules loaded with bioactive polymers are also prepared from W/O/W droplets by the solvent evaporation method [16][17][18][19].…”