Insulin-like growth factor 2 and overgrowth: molecular biology and clinical implications

Morison, Ian M.; Reeve, Anthony E.

doi:10.1016/s1357-4310(97)01197-0

Cited by 58 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…IGF-1 expression is essential to achieve maximal growth in mammals, whereas IGF-2 is thought to be a primary growth factor regulating early development. Loss of IGF-1 or IGF-2 in knock-out mice results in significant loss of body weight [17,18], while over-expression of IGF-1 or IGF-2 causes somatic over-growth in mammals [19,20]. The IGFs bind to IGF receptors, insulin receptor, insulin-related receptor, and possibly other receptors.…”

Section: Insulin-like Growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine regulation of somatic growth in fishes

Dai

Zhang

Zhuo

et al. 2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Growth is a polygenic trait that is under the influence of multiple physiological pathways regulating energy metabolism and muscle growth. Among the possible growth-regulating pathways in vertebrates, components of the somatotropic axis are thought to have the greatest influence. There is growing body of literature focusing on the somatotropic axis and its role regulating growth in fish. This includes research into growth hormone, upstream hypothalamic hormones, insulin-like growth factors, and downstream signaling molecules. Many of these signals have both somatic effects stimulating the growth of tissues and metabolic effects that play a role in nutrient metabolism. Signals of other endocrine axes exhibit profound effects on the function of the somatotropic axis in vivo. In this review we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the teleost fish endocrine somatotropic axis, including emerging research using genetic modified models. These studies have revealed new aspects and challenges associated with regulation of the important steps of somatic growth. somatic growth, endocrine regulation, fish Citation:

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Section: Insulin-like Growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine regulation of somatic growth in fishes

Dai

Zhang

Zhuo

et al. 2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…Normal development requires accurate expression, and many disorders can be attributed to an abnormally high dose of IGF2 caused by loss of imprinting (LOI). BWS is one such disease, characterized by fetal and neonatal overgrowth, and is often accompanied by an increased risk of childhood cancers (reviewed in [58]). BWS patients almost always have mutations in the chromosome 11p15.5 region, a large cluster of imprinted genes that includes IGF2 and p57 KIP2 (Figure 3).…”

Section: Loss Of Igf2 Imprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

IGF2: Epigenetic regulation and role in development and disease

Chao

D'Amore

2008

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews

281

221

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Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) is perhaps the most intricately regulated of all growth factors characterized to date. Its gene is imprinted-only one allele is active, depending on parental origin -and this pattern of expression is maintained epigenetically in almost all tissues. IGF2 activity is further controlled through differential expression of receptors and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that determine protein availability. This complex and multifaceted regulation emphasizes the importance of accurate IGF2 expression and activity. This review will examine the regulation of the IGF2 gene and what it has revealed about the phenomenon of imprinting, which is frequently disrupted in cancer. IGF2 protein function will be discussed, along with diseases that involve IGF2 overexpression. Roles for IGF2 in sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling and angiogenesis will also be explored.

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“…Insulin like growth factor II is a mitogen for fetal and placental cells, and it also has an anti-apoptotic function (Baker et al, 1993;Christofori et al, 1994;Morison and Reeve, 1998). A subset of individuals with the BWS of somatic overgrowth show abnormal biallelic expression of IGF2 (''loss of imprinting'') in some tissues (Weksberg et al, 1993;Morison et al, 1996;Morison and Reeve, 1998), while other cases are due to mutations or silencing of a different imprinted gene, p57 KIP2 (see below).…”

Section: Imprinted Genes Expressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A subset of individuals with the BWS of somatic overgrowth show abnormal biallelic expression of IGF2 (''loss of imprinting'') in some tissues (Weksberg et al, 1993;Morison et al, 1996;Morison and Reeve, 1998), while other cases are due to mutations or silencing of a different imprinted gene, p57 KIP2 (see below). The tissues that are most affected in BWS coincide with the normal sites of high IGF2 expression .…”

Section: Imprinted Genes Expressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological functions of imprinted genes

Tycko

Morison

2002

Journal Cellular Physiology

290

203

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Genomic imprinting in gametogenesis marks a subset of mammalian genes for parent-of-origin-dependent monoallelic expression in the offspring. Embryological and classical genetic experiments in mice that uncovered the existence of genomic imprinting nearly two decades ago produced abnormalities of growth or behavior, without severe developmental malformations. Since then, the identification and manipulation of individual imprinted genes has continued to suggest that the diverse products of these genes are largely devoted to controlling pre-and post-natal growth, as well as brain function and behavior. Here, we review this evidence, and link our discussion to a website (http://www.otago.ac.nz/IGC) containing a comprehensive database of imprinted genes. Ultimately, these data will answer the long-debated question of whether there is a coherent biological rationale for imprinting.

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Insulin-like growth factor 2 and overgrowth: molecular biology and clinical implications

Cited by 58 publications

References 35 publications

Neuroendocrine regulation of somatic growth in fishes

Neuroendocrine regulation of somatic growth in fishes

IGF2: Epigenetic regulation and role in development and disease

Physiological functions of imprinted genes

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