“…This crossregulation involves not only association of the integrin with IGF1R (Brooks et al, 1997;Clemmons and Maile, 2005;De et al, 2003;Mira et al, 1999;Schneller et al, 1997), but also integrin-mediated control over the localization and/or activation of IGF1R signaling components or regulators, including IRS-1, SHC and SH2-domain-containing proteins, tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) and substrate-1 (SHPS-1) (Clemmons, 2007;Clemmons and Maile, 2005;Clemmons et al, 2007;Lee and Streuli, 1999;Vuori and Ruoslahti, 1994). Indeed, IGF1R stimulation enhances the ligand-binding affinity of the avb3 integrin, with no change in receptor expression levels Maile et al, 2002), and avb3 stimulation enhances IGF1-mediated migration and proliferation (Maile et al, 2006a;Maile et al, 2006b;Xi et al, 2008). Moreover, integrin inhibition blocks IGF-stimulated migration (Clemmons et al, 1999;Doerr and Jones, 1996;KabirSalmani et al, 2003) and expression of a dominant-negative IGF1R construct inhibits MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo (Dunn et al, 1998;Sachdev et al, 2004).…”