Insulin‐like growth factors and diabetes

Bach, Leon A.; Rechler, Matthew M.

doi:10.1002/dmr.5610080304

Cited by 111 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 277 publications

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“…In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance leads to a state of hyperinsulinaemia [36,37]. Insulin has mitogenic properties and could stimulate tumour growth by increasing bioactive IGF-I, which in turn stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes mellitus and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis Epidemiological evidence indicates that individuals with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of several cancers. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the association between diabetes and risk of bladder cancer. Methods Pertinent studies were identified by searching MEDLINE (from January 1966 to July 2006) and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. We included case-control and cohort studies reporting relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% CIs (or data to calculate them) of bladder cancer associated with diabetes. Studies of type 1 diabetes were not included. Summary RRs were calculated using a random-effects model. Results A total of 16 studies (seven case-control studies, three cohort studies and six cohort studies of diabetic patients) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Analysis of all studies showed that diabetes was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, compared with no diabetes (RR=1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.42). There was strong evidence of heterogeneity among these studies (p<0.0001). Stratification by study design found that diabetes was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in case-control studies (RR=1.37, 95% CI 1.04-1.80, p heterogeneity =0.005) and cohort studies (RR=1.43, 95% CI 1.18-1.74, p heterogeneity =0.17), but not in cohort studies of diabetic patients (RR=1.01, 95% CI 0.91-1.12, p heterogeneity =0.35). Conclusions/interpretation Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that individuals with diabetes may have a modestly increased risk of bladder cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes mellitus and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis

et al. 2006

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“…We examined in this study whether diabetes leads to decreased IGF-I mRNA levels in the retina, as it does in many other tissues (13)(14)(15)(16), and whether decreased IGF-I synthesis generated a proapoptotic environment. Although we observed that the retinal synthesis of this powerful survival factor is decreased in both human and experimental diabetes, we did not detect changes in the activation of its receptor and phosphorylation of a downstream antiapoptotic effector, nor a temporal relationship between decreased IGF-I synthesis and occurrence of retinal microvascular cell apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In poorly controlled diabetes, IGF-I synthesis is decreased in several tissues and organs (13)(14)(15)(16). No data pertaining to the human retina in the early stages of diabetes have been reported to our knowledge, and the data obtained in the rat retina are potentially conflicting.…”

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confidence: 99%

IGF-I mRNA and Signaling in the Diabetic Retina

et al. 2001

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IGF-I promotes the survival of multiple cell types by activating the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), which signals downstream to a serine/threonine kinase termed Akt. Because in diabetes vascular and neural cells of the retina undergo accelerated apoptosis, we examined IGF-I synthesis and signaling in the human and rat diabetic retina. In retinas obtained postmortem from six donors aged 64 ± 8 years with a diabetes duration of 7 ± 5 years, IGF-I mRNA levels were threefold lower than in the retinas of six age-matched nondiabetic donors (P = 0.005). In the retinas of rats with 2 months' duration of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, IGF-I mRNA levels were similar to those of control rats, but after 5 months of diabetes they failed to increase to the levels recorded in agematched controls (P < 0.02). Retinal IGF-I expression was not altered by hypophysectomy, proving to be growth-hormone independent. IGF-IR levels were modestly increased in the human diabetic retinas (P = 0.02 vs. nondiabetic retinas) and were unchanged in the diabetic rats. Phosphorylation of the IGF-IR could be measured only in the rat retina, and was not decreased in the diabetic rats (94 ± 18% of control values). In the same diabetic rats, phosphorylation of Akt was 123 ± 21% of control values. There was not yet evidence of increased apoptosis of retinal microvascular cells after 5 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Hence, in the retina of diabetic rats, as in the retina of diabetic human donors, IGF-I mRNA levels are substantially lower than in agematched nondiabetic controls, whereas IGF-IR activation and signaling are not affected, at least for some time. This finding suggests that in the diabetic retina, the activation of the IGF-IR is modulated by influences that compensate for, or are compensated by, decreased IGF-I synthesis. Diabetes 50:175-183, 2001

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“…[10][11][12] Despite this, several issues remain unresolved. First, as most of these studies were conducted in Western countries, where the prevalence of hepatitis infection is low, there is some doubt about whether the association between type 2 diabetes and HCC persists in countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Type 2 diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma

Lai

Hsieh

Chiu³

et al. 2006

Hepatology

168

152

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This study aimed to elucidate the relationship of type 2 diabetes, other known risk factors, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis infection. We followed a prospective cohort of 54,979 subjects who participated in the Keelung Community-Based Integrated Screening program between 1999 and 2002. A total of 5,732 subjects with type 2 diabetes cases were identified at enrollment on the basis of fasting blood glucose level, and a total of 138 confirmed HCC cases were identified either through two-stage liver cancer screening or linkage with the National Cancer Registry. The independent effect of type 2 diabetes on the incidence of HCC and the interaction between type 2 diabetes and hepatitis infection or lipids profile were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. After controlling for age, sex, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), smoking, and alcohol consumption, the association between type 2 diabetes and incidence of HCC (excluding 33 prevalent cases identified at enrollment) was modified by HCV status and cholesterol level.

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Insulin‐like growth factors and diabetes

Cited by 111 publications

References 277 publications

Diabetes mellitus and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis

Diabetes mellitus and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis

IGF-I mRNA and Signaling in the Diabetic Retina

Type 2 diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma

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