Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II in diabetic pregnancy: Suppression of normal pregnancy-induced rise of IGF-I

Abstract

The concentrations of somatomedins/insulin-like growth factors were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay for insulin-like growth factor-I and a specific radioreceptor assay for insulin-like growth factor-II in sera of term normal and Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic pregnant women and in various cord sera of their newborn infants. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels in normal (non-diabetic) maternal serum were higher than in non-pregnant women (486 +/- 26 versus 215 +/- 26 ng/ml). The normal pregnancy-induced increment of insulin-like growth factor-I was markedly reduced in diabetic pregnancy. It was not different in patients with good or poor glycaemic control, as judged by normal or elevated blood levels of haemoglobin A1c content. Insulin-like growth factor-I levels in cord serum of infants of diabetic women with good glycaemic control (86 +/- 11 ng/ml) and poor glycaemic control (91 +/- 19 ng/ml) were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in infants of non-diabetic women (43 +/- 42 ng/ml). The fetal birth weight ratios were not significantly correlated with insulin-like growth factor-I levels in cord serum. Serum insulin-like growth factor-II levels in maternal and cord serum in diabetic and normal pregnancy were not different from each other or from normal non-pregnant women. The increment in insulin-like growth factor-I levels in maternal serum in pregnancy may influence placental structure and function. Lack of this increment in maternal diabetes may have direct implication in placental abnormalities in diabetes and indirect implications on fetal development and metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Progression of Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Women During Pregnancy

“…Gross elevation of IGF-1 has been shown to occur in diabetic adults with rapidly progressing PDR [112]. In addition, IGF-1 has been found to be involved in the worsening of DR during puberty and pregnancy [113][114][115][116].…”

The Placenta in Diabetes in Pregnancy

“…hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia resulting from the relatively excessive insulin doses needed to maintain strict metabolic control, increased expression of TNF -α , 28 reduced insulin -like growth factor 1 (IGF1), 29 and elevated FGF2. hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia resulting from the relatively excessive insulin doses needed to maintain strict metabolic control, increased expression of TNF -α , 28 reduced insulin -like growth factor 1 (IGF1), 29 and elevated FGF2.…”

Insulin and the IGF system in the human placenta of normal and diabetic pregnancies

“…Diabetes (T1D and GDM)‐associated changes in levels of insulin, IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP1, IGFBP3 in maternal and fetal blood and in the placenta may influence placental function. Higher (↑), lower (↓) or similar (=) levels in T1D ( 1 ) or GDM ( 2 ) compared to normal pregnancies are indicated and taken from available references (Bhaumick et al. 1986; Desoye et al.…”