Insulin-like peptides and ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone differentially stimulate physiological processes regulating egg formation in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Chen, Kangkang; Dou, Xiaoyi; Eum, Jai Hoon; Harrison, Ruby E.; Brown, Mark R.; Strand, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104028

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 81 publications

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“…The Lst MI06290 mutant fly line expresses ilps at higher levels than control flies. Because insulin signaling in flies results in increased Akt phosphorylation [ 16 ], and an increase in ilp gene levels does not necessarily correlate with protein levels [ 46 ], we next examined if Lst MI06290 mutant flies showed increased insulin signaling via Akt activation. Indeed, immunoblotting confirms that Lst MI06290 mutant flies exhibit increased Akt phosphorylation compared to control flies ( Figure 1 E).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila melanogaster Limostatin and Its Human Ortholog Promote West Nile Virus Infection

Mead,

Lee,

Trammell

et al. 2024

Insects

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The arbovirus West Nile virus (WNV) is a danger to global health. Spread primarily by mosquitoes, WNV causes about 2000 cases per year in the United States. The natural mosquito immune response controls viral replication so that the host survives but can still transmit the virus. Using the genetically malleable Drosophila melanogaster model, we previously dissected innate immune pathways used to control WNV infection. Specifically, we showed that insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) activates a JAK/STAT-mediated immune response that reduces WNV. However, how factors that regulate IIS in insects control infection has not been identified. D. melanogaster Limostatin (Lst) encodes a peptide hormone that suppresses insulin secretion. Its mammalian ortholog, Neuromedin U (NMU), is a peptide that regulates the production and secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. In this study, we used D. melanogaster and human cell culture models to investigate the roles of these insulin regulators in immune signaling. We found that D. melanogaster Lst mutants, which have elevated insulin-like peptide expression, are less susceptible to WNV infection. Increased levels of insulin-like peptides in these flies result in upregulated JAK/STAT activity, leading to protection from infection. Treatment of human cells with the insulin regulator NMU results in increased WNV replication. Further investigation of methods to target Lst in mosquitoes or NMU in mammals can improve vector control methods and may lead to improved therapeutics for human and animal infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila melanogaster Limostatin and Its Human Ortholog Promote West Nile Virus Infection

Mead,

Lee,

Trammell

et al. 2024

Insects

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Reciprocal interactions between neuropeptide F and RYamide regulate host attraction in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Dou,

Chen,

Brown

et al. 2024

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Female mosquitoes produce eggs in gonadotrophic cycles that are divided between a previtellogenic and vitellogenic phase. Previtellogenic females consume water and sugar sources like nectar while also being attracted to hosts for blood feeding. Consumption of a blood meal activates the vitellogenic phase, which produces mature eggs and suppresses host attraction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y-like hormones differentially modulate host attraction behavior in the mosquito Aedes aegypti . A series of experiments collectively indicated that enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the posterior midgut produce and release neuropeptide F (NPF) into the hemolymph during the previtellogenic phase which stimulates attraction to humans and biting behavior. Consumption of a blood meal, which primarily consists of protein by dry weight, down-regulated NPF in EECs until mature eggs developed, which was associated with a decline in hemolymph titer. NPF depletion depended on protein digestion but was not associated with EEC loss. Other experiments showed that neurons in the terminal ganglion extend axons to the posterior midgut and produce RYamide, which showed evidence of increased secretion into circulation after a blood meal. Injection of RYamide-1 and -2 into previtellogenic females suppressed host attraction, while coinjection of RYamides with or without short NPF-2 also inhibited the host attraction activity of NPF. Overall, our results identify NPF and RYamide as gut-associated hormones in A. aegypti that link host attraction behavior to shifts in diet during sequential gonadotrophic cycles.

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Insulin-like peptides and ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone differentially stimulate physiological processes regulating egg formation in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Cited by 2 publications

References 81 publications

Drosophila melanogaster Limostatin and Its Human Ortholog Promote West Nile Virus Infection

Drosophila melanogaster Limostatin and Its Human Ortholog Promote West Nile Virus Infection

Reciprocal interactions between neuropeptide F and RYamide regulate host attraction in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

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