Insulin Modulates Intestinal Response of Suckling Mice to the Escherichia Coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin

Effect of enteral administration of insulin on intestinal development and feeding tolerance in preterm infants: a pilot study

“…[5][6][7][8][9] A growing body of literature from studies in various animal species supports the earlier observation in newborn pigs that administration of enteral insulin also accelerates GI development. [10][11][12][13][14] Insulin is attractive as an agent to enhance GI development in the preterm infant. It is normally present in human milk at high concentrations relative to maternal blood.…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9] More recently, enteral administration of insulin to newborn pigs and rats has been shown to enhance development of intestinal activity and growth. [10][11][12][13][14] The present pilot study was carried out to determine whether enteral administration of insulin to preterm infants would enhance their gastrointestinal development and reduce feed intolerance. A large, randomised, placebo controlled trial would be required to irrefutably resolve this question.…”

The Relationship Between Breast Milk Components and the Infant Gut Microbiota

“…Supplementation with adiponectin resulted in lower abundance of the Roseburia genus and a higher proportion of the Enterococcus genus ( 223 ). Oral insulin may also have an antimicrobial action against potential pathogens through upregulation of a specific endotoxin receptor on the gut brush border membrane, as demonstrated in suckling mice receiving insulin orally every day ( 224 ).…”