Insulin Resistance in Non-Insulin Dependent (Type II) and Insulin Dependent (Type I) Diabetes Mellitus

Olefsky, Jerrold M.; Revers, Robert R.; Prince, Mel; Henry, Robert R.; Garvey, W. Timothy; Scarlett, John A.; Kolterman, Orville G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1850-8_11

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Results of the present study clearly showed that hyperinsulinemia (as evident by increased serum insulin level) was seen in NIDDM control rats. Therefore, the hyperinsulinemia in NIDDM rats could be either due to decreased hepatic clearance of insulin or by down‐regulation of insulin receptors and desensitizing postreceptor pathways [47], resulting in decreased insulin binding and degradation. Even people with diabetes who take oral medication or require insulin injections to control their blood glucose level can have higher than normal blood insulin level due to insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Withania somnifera on Insulin Sensitivity in Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Rats

Anwer

Sharma

Pillai

et al. 2008

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Abstract:We investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (WS) on insulin sensitivity in non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats. NIDDM was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) to 2 days old rat pups. WS (200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day for 5 weeks after the animals were confirmed diabetic (i.e. 75 days after streptozotocin injection). A group of citrate control rats (group I) were also maintained that has received citrate buffer on the second day of their birth. A significant increase in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1 c) and serum insulin levels were observed in NIDDM control rats. Treatment with WS reduced the elevated levels of blood glucose, HbA 1 c and insulin in the NIDDM rats. An oral glucose tolerance test was also performed in the same groups, in which we found a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in the rats treated with WS. The insulin sensitivity was assessed for both peripheral insulin resistance and hepatic insulin resistance. WS treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity index ( K ITT ) that was significantly decreased in NIDDM control rats. There was significant rise in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) in NIDDM control rats whereas WS treatment significantly prevented the rise in HOMA-R in NIDDM-treated rats. Our data suggest that aqueous extract of WS normalizes hyperglycemia in NIDDM rats by improving insulin sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Withania somnifera on Insulin Sensitivity in Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Rats

Anwer

Sharma

Pillai

et al. 2008

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…These lead to the accumulation of visceral fat, and finally result in obesity and related disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (1,2). long-term consumption of a high fat (HF) diet accelerates the development of obesity (3); hence, strategies to prevent obesity are of great importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of fucoxanthin on diet-induced obesity conditions in a murine model

Maeda$^{¹

2009

Mol Med Rep

241

176

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Abstract. Fucoxanthin, a characteristic carotenoid of brown algae, has been reported to exert an anti-diabetic effect in an obese murine model. Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), an edible seaweed, is rich in fucoxanthin. This study examined the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of fucoxanthin-rich wakame lipids (Wls) on high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity in mice. Mice were fed a high fat control (HF c ) or normal fat control (nF c ) diet for 10 weeks. The HF diet-fed group was administered a HF diet containing Wls for a further 5 weeks. Parameters related to diabetes and obesity conditions were evaluated and compared. The HF-Wl diet, which was rich in fucoxanthin, significantly suppressed body weight and white adipose tissue (WaT) weight gain induced by the HF diet. dietary administration of the HF diet resulted in hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia in the mouse model. These perturbations were completely normalized in the HF-Wl diet-fed group. increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (McP-1) mrna expression was observed in HF c mice, but was normalized in the HF-Wl groups. Moreover, the HF-Wl diet promoted mrna expression of β3-adrenergic receptor (adrb3) in WaT and glucose transporter 4 (gluT4) mrna in skeletal muscle tissues. These results suggest that dietary Wls may ameliorate alterations in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance induced by a HF diet. There is therefore a biochemical and nutritional basis for the application of fucoxanthin-rich Wls as a functional food to prevent obesity and diabetes-related disorders. IntroductionThe modern-day tendency to consume nutritionally rich diets coupled with irrational dietary habits create physiological disorders. These lead to the accumulation of visceral fat, and finally result in obesity and related disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (1,2). long-term consumption of a high fat (HF) diet accelerates the development of obesity (3); hence, strategies to prevent obesity are of great importance. Fucoxanthin is a characteristic carotenoid of brown algae including edible species such as Undaria pinnatifida and Hijikia fusiformis. We recently reported the suppression of the development of white adipose tissue (WaT) by fucoxanthin in obese/diabetic kk-A y mice (4,5). expression of uncoupling protein 1 (ucP1), which plays an important role in energy expenditure, was induced by dietary fucoxanthin in WaT but not in brown adipose tissue; this ucP1 expression was responsible for the antiobesity effect of fucoxanthin. Furthermore, dietary fucoxanthin regulated adipocytokine secretion, thus preventing hyperglycemia in a type 2 diabetes kk-A y mouse model (5). The adipocyte as an endocrine cell has recently been recognized for its role in the secretion of biologically active mediators, termed adipokines/chemokines, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TnF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (McP-1) (6-8). Some adipokines are reported to alter insulin...

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“…Three major metabolic abnormalities in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are peripheral insulin resistance, increased hepatic glucose production, and impaired secretion [8]. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non-obese model of spontaneous NIDDM, produced by selective breeding of normal Wistar rats, with selection for high glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Improvement of Insulin Resistance of GK Rats by Treatment with Sodium Selenate

Iizuka

Ueda

Yagi

et al. 2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

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We studied the effect of sodium selenate on insulin resistance of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Rats were kept on standard laboratory chow with and without i.p. injections of sodium selenate (0.173 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days, and then subjected to the glucose clamp. The glucose clamp studies confirmed an improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in GK rats treated with sodium selenate, with respect to both insulin sensitivity and responsiveness. This amelioration of insulin resistance may be partly due to a direct effect of the sodium selenate on peripheral tissues. 2-Deoxyglucose uptake in sodium selenate-treated adipocytes was increased and the insulin findings suggest that sodium selenate increases not only insulin sensitivity but also insulin responsiveness. Sodium selenate also accelerated glucose incorporation into adipocytes of rats, suggesting that the action of sodium selenate is peripheral. Interestingly, sodium selenate at a high concentration (about 1 mmol/L) was more effective than insulin in enhancing glucose uptake. The present study suggested that sodium selenate treatment led to substantial improvement in peripheral insulin resistance.

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Insulin Resistance in Non-Insulin Dependent (Type II) and Insulin Dependent (Type I) Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Withania somnifera on Insulin Sensitivity in Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Rats

Effect of Withania somnifera on Insulin Sensitivity in Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Rats

Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of fucoxanthin on diet-induced obesity conditions in a murine model

Significant Improvement of Insulin Resistance of GK Rats by Treatment with Sodium Selenate

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