Insulin Secretion by Bioactive Anthocyanins and Anthocyanidins Present in Fruits

Abstract

Anthocyanins are responsible for a variety of bright colors including red, blue, and purple in fruits, vegetables, and flowers and are consumed as dietary polyphenols. Anthocyanin-containing fruits are implicated in a decrease in coronary heart disease and are used in antidiabetic preparations. In the present study, we have determined the ability of anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside (1), delphinidin-3-glucoside (2), cyanidin-3-galactoside (3), and pelargonidin-3-galactoside (4), and anthocyanidins, cyanidin (5), delphinidin (6), pelargonidin (7), malvidin (8), and petunidin (9), to stimulate insulin secretion from rodent pancreatic beta-cells (INS-1 832/13) in vitro. The compounds were tested in the presence of 4 and 10 mM glucose concentrations. Our results indicated that 1 and 2 were the most effective insulin secretagogues among the anthocyanins and anthocyanidins tested at 4 and 10 mM glucose concentrations. Pelargonidin-3-galactoside is one of the major anthocyanins, and its aglycone, pelargonidin, caused a 1.4-fold increase in insulin secretion at 4 mM glucose concentration. The rest of the anthocyanins and anthocyanidins tested in our assay had only marginal effects on insulin at 4 and 10 mM glucose concentrations.

Cyanidin and malvidin in aqueous extracts of black carrots fermented with Aspergillus oryzae prevent the impairment of energy, lipid and glucose metabolism in estrogen-deficient rats by AMPK activation

“…Anthocyanins are reported to improve glucose metabolism by enhancing insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion (Pinent et al 2005;Jayaprakasam et al 2005). Male C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet supplemented with anthocyanins exhibited improved insulin resistance (Seymour et al 2011;Guo et al 2012a, b).…”

Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits

“…Anthocyanin-rich Cornus fruits have been used in traditional Chinese prescription medicines to treat diabetes [121]. Primary bioactive components reported in Cornus fruits are the glycosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin [98]. Jayaprakasam et al [98] report that cyanidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside effectively aided insulin secretion from rodent pancreatic β-cells (INS-1 832/13) in vitro compared with the other anthocyanins and anthocyanidins studied.…”

Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of anthocyanins from red cabbage using Taguchi design method

“…They have a wide spectrum of colour tones, ranging from orange through red, to purple and blue, depending on the molecular structure and pH value. The interest in anthocyanins is not only because of their colouring effect but also is the result of their beneficial properties; examples ranging from inhibition of DNA damage in cancer cells in vitro (Hour 2003), inhibition of digestive enzymes (McDougall and Stewart 2006), induction of insulin production in isolated pancreatic cells (Jayaprakasam et al 2005), reduction in inflammatory responses (Tall et al 2004) to protection against age related decline in brain function (Lau et al 2006), improvement in the tightness of capillary blood vessels and prevention of thrombocyte aggregation, all of which reduce the risk of circulatory diseases (Degenhardt et al 2000;Giusti and Wrolstad 2003;Tsai et al 2002). Thus Red cabbage dye has been used as a pH indicator in pharmaceutical formulations (Chigurupati et al 2002) and as a colorant in food systems (Giusti and Wrolstad 2003).…”