Intact antigen uptake in intestinal epithelial cells of marine fish larvae

Olafsen, Jan A.; Hansen, Geir Høvik

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02562.x

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Intestinal bacteria in milkfish larvae were detected from the yolksac stage or even before exog enous feeding starts. Ingestion of bacteria by drink ing and swallowing of mucus with bacteria was observed in 4 day-old yolksac cod (Gadus morhus ) (Olafsen and Hansen, 1992) . The same mechanism is possible in 1-2 day-old yolk-sac milkfish larvae which will ingest bacteria, largely dominated by Pseudomonas species from the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This seems to indicate that a possible relationship exist between the presence of intestinal gut flora and enzyme production. Bacteria engulfed at larval stages may furnish essential nutrients, en zymes, or induce enzyme release before first feeding (Olafsen and Hansen, 1992). A number of evidences have also indicated the involvement of bacteria as important sources of enzymes for digestion (Hamid et al, 1979;Mowlah et al, 1979;Henebry et al, 1988;Shiranee et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure of the larvae to bacterial antigens is necessary to develop tolerance. For bacteria to become established in larval intestines, tolerance to their exposed antigens must be acquired (Olafsen and Hansen, 1992). It is therefore tempting to speculate that this mechanism occurs and probably explains the selective establish ment of vibrios in milkfish intestines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Flora of Milkfish, Chanos chanos, Eggs and Larvae.

Fernandez¹,

Tendencia

Leaño

et al. 1996

Fish Pathol.

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Aerobic bacterial flora of eggs and larvae of milkfish, Chanos chanos, was investigated. Microflora in the incubating water of egg, rearing water of larvae, water source, and larval food was also analyzed.Aerobic bacterial flora of milkfish eggs was largely influenced by the bacterial flora in the incubating water. Both in eggs and in the incubating water Pseudomonas species were the dominant bacteria. During milkfish larval rearing, intestinal aerobic bacterial flora was examined at days 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 18, and 21. Bacterial number in the larvae and rearing water significantly increased during the culture period up to day 18 but dropped significant at day 21. Pseudomonas species were detected from yolk-sac larvae (day 1) as the dominant bacteria, similarly to the normal flora in the rearing water. However, intestinal bacteria were predominated with Vibrio species when the yolk-sac was absorbed on day 3. Larval rearing water, water source, and larval food contained predominantly Pseudomonas species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bacterial Flora of Milkfish, Chanos chanos, Eggs and Larvae.

Fernandez¹,

Tendencia

Leaño

et al. 1996

Fish Pathol.

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“…In the early days of cod aquaculture, the filamentous Leucothrix mucor was regarded as a problem, since the overgrowth of eggs, with consequent problems such as immobilisation or possible oxygen deficiency, occurred (Hansen & Olafsen 1988). The psychrotrophic Tenacibaculum ovolyticum (formerly named Flexibacter ovolyticus) was originally isolated from halibut eggs with high mortality (Hansen et al 1992), and is able to penetrate the egg shell (Bergh et al 1992). It resembles the fish pathogen T. maritimum, but differs from the latter in several biochemical and physiological characteristics.…”

Section: Bacteria Associated With Early Life Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and bacterial diseases of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, their prophylaxis and treatment: a review

Samuelsen¹,

Nerland²,

Jørgensen³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

113

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This review summarises the state of knowledge of both viral and bacterial diseases of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. The most important losses have been at the larval and juvenile stages, and vibriosis has long been the most important bacterial disease in cod, with Listonella (Vibrio) anguillarum dominant among pathogenic isolates. Vaccination of cod against pathogens such as L. anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida clearly demonstrates that the cod immune system possesses an effective memory and appropriate mechanisms sufficient for protection, at least against some diseases. Well-known viruses such as the nodavirus that causes viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) have been isolated from Atlantic cod and can be a potential problem under intensive rearing conditions. No commercial vaccines against nodavirus are currently available, whereas vaccines against IPNV infections based upon inactivated virus as well as IPNV recombinant antigens are available. A number of investigations of the pharmacokinetic properties of antibacterial agents in cod and their efficacy in treating bacterial infections have been reviewed.

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“…The mucosal surfaces of fish serve as a substrate for bacterial adhesion (Spangaard et al 2000) and thereby a potential portal of entry. Uptake of intact antigens from bacteria in the intestine of 4 to 6 d old yolk-sac larvae of cod has been demonstrated, and it has been suggested that this uptake may play a role in immune development, or in nutrition (Olafsen & Hansen 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and characterisation of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with Atlantic codGadus morhualarvae: bath challenge trials using a multidish system

Sandlund

Bergh²

2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In intensive aquaculture systems, high concentrations of nutrients and high densities of fish larvae provide favorable conditions for opportunistic pathogenic bacteria to flourish. We screened potentially pathogenic bacterial strains isolated from moribund Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae, pollack Pollachius pollachius, coalfish Pollachius virens, Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, rotifers, algae and water samples from different hatcheries. Three identical challenge experiments tested a total of 53 strains. A multidish system was used: cod eggs were placed in single wells, together with 2 ml of sterile seawater, and exposed to the bacterial cultures. Final bacterial concentrations in the wells were 10 6 and 10 4 CFU ml -1. Eggs and larvae not exposed to bacteria were used as unchallenged controls. Challenged controls were exposed to Vibrio anguillarum strain 610. Eggs were challenged approximately 48 h prior to hatching and mortality was recorded daily throughout the yolk-sac period. In spite of the high challenge dose of 10 6 CFU ml -1, only 5 bacterial strains tested caused higher mortality than the unchallenged controls. Four of these strains were identified by 16S rDNA and gyrase B gene (GyrB) sequencing as resembling V. anguillarum and 1 strain resembled Carnobacterium sp. Most of the larvae exposed to these strains died within 10 d of challenge. Serotyping of the strains resembling V. anguillarum gave inconclusive results. This indicates differences in serology compared to the serotypes O1, O2 and O3, associated with disease. Three bacterial strains seemed to have a slower infection rate, indicating a longer incubation period. The remaining 45 strains did not seem to have a negative effect on larval survival, suggesting that these are not primary pathogens.

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Intact antigen uptake in intestinal epithelial cells of marine fish larvae

Cited by 51 publications

References 57 publications

Bacterial Flora of Milkfish, Chanos chanos, Eggs and Larvae.

Bacterial Flora of Milkfish, Chanos chanos, Eggs and Larvae.

Viral and bacterial diseases of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, their prophylaxis and treatment: a review

Screening and characterisation of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with Atlantic codGadus morhualarvae: bath challenge trials using a multidish system

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