Intake and sources of added sugars among Australian children and adolescents

Louie, Jimmy Chun Yu; Moshtaghian, Hanieh; Rangan, Anna; Flood, Victoria M; Gill, Timothy

doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1041-8

Cited by 53 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous analysis by our group of the more recent 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2007ANCNPAS) (14) showed similar results, with children and adolescents aged 9-16 years having the highest added sugar intake, mainly from increased sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

et al. 2016

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Previous studies in Australian children/adolescents and adults examining added sugar (AS) intake were based on now out-of-date national surveys. We aimed to examine the AS and free sugar (FS) intakes and the main food sources of AS among Australians, using plausible dietary data collected by a multiple-pass, 24-h recall, from the 2011-12 Australian Health Survey respondents (n 8202). AS and FS intakes were estimated using a previously published method, and as defined by the WHO, respectively. Food groups contributing to the AS intake were described and compared by age group and sex by one-way ANOVA. Linear regression was used to test for trends across age groups. Usual intake of FS (as percentage energy (%EFS)) was computed using a published method and compared with the WHO cut-off of <10 %EFS. The mean AS intake of the participants was 60·3 (SD 52·6) g/d. Sugar-sweetened beverages accounted for the greatest proportion of the AS intake of the Australian population (21·4 (SD 30·1) %), followed by sugar and sweet spreads (16·3 (SD 24·5) %) and cakes, biscuits, pastries and batterbased products (15·7 (SD 24·4) %). More than half of the study population exceeded the WHO's cut-off for FS, especially children and adolescents. Overall, 80-90 % of the daily AS intake came from high-sugar energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods. To conclude, the majority of Australian adults and children exceed the WHO recommendation for FS intake. Efforts to reduce AS intake should focus on energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

et al. 2016

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“…However, the IOM cut-off should not be seen as a daily intake target. Although the IOM recommendation was on added sugar, it may also be applicable to free sugars, as mean daily freesugar intake is only ∼10 g higher than that of added sugars as shown in a previous study (10). Similar results should be expected regarding the correlation with nutrient dilution when intake of free sugars is high.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…A previous systematic review concluded that added sugar was associated with poorer nutrient intake, which was supported by positive conclusions from 42 out of 52 studies investigating the affect of added sugar intake on diet quality (15). A similar impact on micronutrient dilution was expected from free sugars as an estimate of ∼10 g difference between added sugar and free-sugar intake was found in the Australian population (10).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…According to the WHO guidelines on sugar intake, free-sugar intake should contribute <10% of the total energy intake of the diet mainly based on the prevention of dental caries (4), with very limited evidence related to micronutrient dilution, defined as a concurrent decrease in micronutrient intake when the intake of a negative nutrient such as free sugar increases. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends an upper limit of 25% of energy from added sugars (which does not take fruit juices into consideration) (10) in regards to preventing inadequate nutrient intake (11). While fruit juices have become one of the most widely consumed sugar-containing beverages on the market (12,13), their contribution to a healthy diet, especially in terms of adequacy of micronutrient intake, is controversial (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intake of free sugars and micronutrient dilution in Australian adults

Mok

Ahmad

Rangan

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background:The negative health effect of excessive intake of free sugars has been gaining increasing public awareness.Objective: This secondary analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of free-sugar intake on micronutrient dilution, and estimate a threshold level of free-sugar intake at which a decrease in micronutrient intake becomes evident, based on data from the Australian Health Survey 2011-2012. Design: Dietary data from adult respondents (weighted n = 6150) who had completed two 24-h recalls were analyzed. A published 10-step methodology was adopted and used to estimate the free-sugar intake of the respondents. Six modified cut-offs for percentage of energy of free sugars (%EFS) were created based on recommendations from the WHO and the Institute of Medicine to examine the association between %EFS on micronutrient intakes. Estimated marginal means and SEs were calculated using ANCOVA. Logistic regression was used to calculate the ORs of not meeting the nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand for each micronutrient with an increase in free-sugar intake. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, country of birth, whether dieting, smoking status, and remoteness of living area. Results: Peak intake for most micronutrients was observed at %EFS between 5% and <15%. A significant reduction in most micronutrient intakes was observed at >25%EFS. At <5%EFS, some micronutrient intakes were reduced. Only small variations in micronutrient consumptions were observed when %EFS was between 5% and 25%. Core food intake decreased and discretionary food increased with an increase in free-sugar intake. Conclusion: A high free-sugar intake, particularly >25%EFS, was found to have a significant diluting effect on most nutrients. However, a free-sugar intake <5%EFS may increase the risk of undesirably low micronutrient consumption related to inadequate total energy intake. This secondary analysis was registered at anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12617000917336.Am J Clin Nutr 2018;107:94-104.

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“…While the Australian Dietary Guidelines indicates that intakes up to 15–20% of total energy from total sugars are compatible with a healthy diet, intakes in the current sample population were high. Our results are consistent with other nationally representative studies that reveal that preschoolers’ diets consist of excessive intakes of sweetened foods, such as sugar‐sweetened soft drinks and fruit juices, and this was associated with lower nutrient and food group intakes, thus negatively impacting diet quality . There is extensive evidence indicating the association between frequent sugar consumption and higher prevalence of dental caries in children .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Utility of a brief index to measure diet quality of Australian preschoolers in the Feeding Healthy Food to Kids Randomised Controlled Trial

Duncanson

Lee

Burrows

et al. 2016

Nutrition & Dietetics

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The Australian Recommended Food Score for Preschoolers is a practical brief diet quality assessment tool to measure food variety and nutritional adequacy in Australian preschoolers. Stratifying children by baseline diet quality in future nutrition interventions is recommended in order to identify those who are likely to benefit or require more targeted approaches to address specific nutritional needs in order to optimise food and nutrient intakes.

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Intake and sources of added sugars among Australian children and adolescents

Cited by 53 publications

References 32 publications

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

Intake of free sugars and micronutrient dilution in Australian adults

Utility of a brief index to measure diet quality of Australian preschoolers in the Feeding Healthy Food to Kids Randomised Controlled Trial

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