Intake of MPRO3 over 4 Weeks Reduces Glucose Levels and Improves Gastrointestinal Health and Metabolism

Abstract

Human gut microbiota are involved in different metabolic processes, such as digestion and nutrient synthesis, among others. For the elderly, supplements are a major means of maintaining health and improving intestinal homeostasis. In this study, 51 elderly women were administered MPRO3 (n = 17), a placebo (n = 16), or both (MPRO3: 1 week, placebo: 3 weeks; n = 18) for 4 weeks. The fecal microbiota were analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 super-variable region. The dietary fiber intake increased, and glucose levels decreased with 4-week MPRO3 intake. Reflux, indigestion, and diarrhea syndromes gradually improved with MPRO3 intake, whereas constipation was maintained. The stool shape also improved. Bifidobacterium animalis, B. pseudolongum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and L. paracasei were relatively more abundant after 4 weeks of MPRO3 intake than in those subjects after a 1-week intake. Bifidobacterium and B. longum abundances increased after 1 week of MPRO3 intake but decreased when the intake was discontinued. Among different modules and pathways, all 10 modules analyzed showed a relatively high association with 4-week MPRO3 intake. The mineral absorption pathway and cortisol biosynthesis and secretion pathways correlated with the B. animalis and B. pseudolongum abundances at 4 weeks. Therefore, 4-week MPRO3 intake decreased the fasting blood glucose level and improved intestinal health and metabolism.

Impact of Biometric Patient Data, Probiotic Supplementation, and Selected Gut Microorganisms on Calprotectin, Zonulin, and sIgA Concentrations in the Stool of Adults Aged 18–74 Years

“…The duration of probiotic supplementation was heterogeneous. However, to create a homogeneous group, we limited it to those who had been taking probiotics for one month or more, as according to some reports, this time could impact the functioning of the intestines and the condition of the microbiota [ 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng Concentrate Intake on Stool Characteristic, Biochemical Parameters, and Gut Microbiota in Elderly Korean Women

“…The thermal cycling conditions consisted of an initial denaturation at 94 • C for 3 min, followed by 30 cycles of 94 • C for 30 s, 50 • C for 30 s, and 70 • C for 30 s. Amplicon libraries were re-purified to remove residual primer dimers and contaminants using the Agencourt AMPure XP DNA Purification Kit (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Final eluted samples were eluted in 15 µL of low-EDTA Tris EDTA buffer [18]. DNA concentration and quality and amplicon library concentration were quantified using the Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit on a Qubit 4 fluorometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific).…”

“…DNA concentration and quality and amplicon library concentration were quantified using the Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit on a Qubit 4 fluorometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). An Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer system (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was used to evaluate primer-dimer or detectable adapter contamination and fragment size of the pooled DNA [18]. The concentrated particles were loaded into an Ion 530 Chip Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and sequencing was performed on an Ion GeneStudio S5 system (Thermo Fisher Scientific), following the manufacturer's instructions [28][29][30].…”

“…To determine the effect of FRG intake in a specific group, in this study, we limited the subjects to postmenopausal women. A study on the intake of fermentation-related preparations such as prebiotics showed that changes in the intestinal microflora of healthy adults after food supplementation can occur even in a short period of one week [18]. It has been reported that intestinal microflora returns to the previous level if the supplementation is stopped [19].…”