Intake of Soy, Soy Isoflavones and Soy Protein and Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality

Abstract

Background and AimsAssociations between soy intake and risk of cancer have been evaluated in prospective observational studies with inconsistent results. Whether the potential anticancer effects offered by soy were attributed to soy isoflavones and soy protein still needs to be elucidated. This study aimed to comprehensively quantify the association of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein intake with risk of cancer incidence and cancer mortality by conducting a meta-analysis of all available studies.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to 16 September 2021. Prospective cohort studies that examined the effect of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein on cancer incidence and cancer mortality were identified. Random-effects models were used to pool the multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The potential dose-response relations were explored by using generalized least-squares trend estimation.ResultsEighty one prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. A higher intake of soy was significantly associated with a 10% reduced risk of cancer incidence (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83–0.96). Each additional 25 g/d soy intake decreased the risk of cancer incidence by 4%. Intake of soy isoflavones was inversely associated with risk of cancer incidence (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–0.99), whereas no significant association was observed for soy protein. The risk of cancer incidence was reduced by 4% with each 10 mg/d increment of soy isoflavones intake. Similar inverse associations were also found for soy in relation to site-specific cancers, particularly lung cancer (RR, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.52–0.86) and prostate cancer (RR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.78–0.99). However, high intake of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein were not associated with cancer mortality.ConclusionsHigher intake of soy and soy isoflavones were inversely associated with risk of cancer incidence, which suggested that the beneficial role of soy against cancer might be primarily attributed to soy isoflavones. These findings support recommendations to include soy as part of a healthy dietary pattern for the prevention of cancer.

Digestion Resistance of Soybean 7S Protein and Its Implications for Reinforcing the Gastric Mucus Barrier

“…The possible protective mechanism of soybean foods for GC remains to be clarified, but it has more frequently been explained by the anti-inflammatory effects of the soybean bioactive phytochemicals ( e.g. , isoflavones). ,, However, recent meta-analysis studies have revealed that non-fermented soybean food intake could significantly decrease the risk of GC, while fermented soybean food intake increases the risk of GC, and high intake of isoflavones may not be associated with the incidence of GC. , …”

Stemphylium lycopersici and Stemphylium solani improved antioxidant system of soybean under chromate stress

“…Furthermore, soybean is among the most affordable and abundant sources of both edible oil and protein. It is beneficial to human health in terms of heart disease, certain malignancies, and hypoglycemia ( Rebholz et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2018 ; Fan et al, 2022 ). The productivity and yield of the soybean crop are significantly affected by Cr contamination in the experimental area.…”

Shifting from traditional to alternative diets may increase the exposure to mycotoxins: a risk-benefit assessment for soy-based meat alternatives

“…Consumption of soy has been associated with a decreased risk of CVD and other health-related issues such as type-2 diabetes, stroke, etc. (Polak et al 2015 However, the most important bene t comes from a recent meta-analysis regarding soy intake with pooled results from 78 articles conducted in Europe, the United States, and Asia with a total of 4.15 million participants (Fan et al 2022). In this meta-analysis, the authors concluded that 25 g/day of soy intake was associated with a signi cant decrease of 4% in the overall cancer incidence.…”

“…Soy was selected among other plant-based proteins based on the availability of evidencebased data. The health bene t of soy consumption has been recently quanti ed through a wide metaanalysis (Fan et al 2022), while mycotoxin occurrence data are available from EFSA together with healthbased guidance values (EFSA 2020a, EFSA 2020b). The authors are fully aware of the study's limitations, mainly based on the lack of proper available data.…”