Intakes and sources of total and added sugars among 4 to 13‐year‐old children in China, Mexico and the United States

Afeiche, Myriam C.; Koyratty, Bibi Nadia Shaheen; Wang, Dantong; Jacquier, Emma; Lê, K-A

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12234

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For instance, the US recommendation for added sugars intake is less than 10% TEI [ 14 ]. A recent study reported that added sugars contributed about 16% to TEI in 4–13 year children in the US, and almost 90% the children exceeded this recommendation [ 29 ]. Similarly, added sugars accounted for 12–13% TEI in Australian [ 36 ] and Mexican children [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each national survey, foods and beverages were assigned to food groups according to systems developed for each country. Although similar structure is used in all systems, the food groups differ from country to country, the number of the top level of food groups vary from 24 in Australia [ 28 ], 20 in China [ 23 ], 11 in Mexico [ 29 ], to 14 in the US [ 30 ]. For the purpose of our cross-country comparison, food groups from each country were aligned with the USDA What We Eat in America (WWEIA) food grouping system [ 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Snacking Patterns in Children: A Comparison between Australia, China, Mexico, and the US

et al. 2018

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Snacking is common in children and influenced by many factors. The aim of this study is to provide insight of both common and country-specific characteristics of snacking among 4–13 year old children. We analyzed snacking prevalence, energy and nutrient contributions from snacking across diverse cultures and regions, represented by Australia, China, Mexico, and the US using data from respective national surveys. We found that the highest prevalence of snacking was in Australia and the US (over 95%) where snacking provided one-third and one-quarter of total energy intake (TEI), respectively, followed by Mexico (76%, provided 15% TEI) and China (65%, provided 10% TEI). Compared to 4–8 year-olds, the consumption of fruits and milk was lower in 9–13 year-old children, with a trend of increasing savory snacks consumption in China, Mexico, and the US. The nutrient density index of added sugars and saturated fat was higher, especially in Australia, Mexico, and the US. Results suggested that snacking could be an occasion to promote fruit and vegetable consumption in all countries, especially for older children. Snacking guidelines should focus on reducing consumption of snacks high in saturated fat and added sugars for Australia, Mexico, and the US, whereas improving dairy consumption is important in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snacking Patterns in Children: A Comparison between Australia, China, Mexico, and the US

et al. 2018

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“…We also chose to include flavored/sweetened milks as an SSB example. ( Afeiche et al, 2018 ) A time frame of “the past month” was specified because clinical staff administered the screening question during all encounter types. In the case of urgent/sick visits, the days immediately prior would not reflect typical dietary behavior.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing a novel electronic health record approach to track child sugar-sweetened beverage consumption

Lewis

Skelton

Hsu

et al. 2018

Preventive Medicine Reports

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Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is a risk factor for childhood obesity. Including this measure in electronic health records (EHR) could enhance clinical care and facilitate research on this topic. We implemented a single-item, EHR screening question for SSB and 100% fruit juice at 8 pediatric practices affiliated with a North Carolina academic medical center. From March–December 2017, we evaluated SSB screening of children 6 months–17 years of age. In a sub-sample of screened patients, we also conducted a telephone-based validation survey, comparing EHR-based responses to a lengthier beverage questionnaire, using Spearman rank coefficients and Kappa statistic. 22,626 children (91% of all seen) were screened for SSB intake. The screened population was diverse – 35% non-Hispanic White, 26% African-American, and 30% Hispanic. Consistent with national estimates, reported intake was typically higher than recommended: 41% (n = 9220) reported consuming SSB or fruit juice >1×/day in the past month, and consumption was higher among race/ethnic minorities. Of 201 validation survey respondents, direct correlation between their beverage survey and EHR screener responses was moderate, with a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.41 (p < 0.001) and Kappa statistic of 0.42 (95% CI 0.24–0.60). EHR-based screening for SSBs and fruit juice was successfully implemented, generating a large volume of SSB consumption data in a diverse patient population. Inclusion of patient-reported dietary measures in the EHR is feasible and could be useful for clinical care and research. Planned modifications may improve the correlation of such a screener with lengthier dietary instruments.

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“…The most commonly consumed sugar-containing food groups in the United States and Europe are sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and fruit juices, fruits and vegetables, grain products (e.g., breakfast cereals, cookies), dairy products with added sugar, and sweets and desserts (e.g., chocolate, candies, ice-cream, etc.) (1,29,30,51). Although epidemiological studies indicate that total sugar consumption is associated with adverse health effects, the relative contribution of sugars from various food groups is still debated.…”

Section: Effects Of Sugar-containing Foods On Cardiometabolic Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Sugars and Sugar-Containing Foods

Tappy¹

2018

CFW

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Dietary sugars are mono-and disaccharides that are naturally present in fruits, vegetables, and natural syrups or are added to foods as refined sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup. Dietary sugars are absorbed in the bloodstream as glucose (indistinguishable from that released from starch), fructose, and galactose. Galactose is converted into glucose, and fructose is converted into glucose, lactate, and fatty acids in splanchnic organs. The main nutritional function of sugars is to provide usable energy to all cells in the human body. The efficiency of usable energy transfer is very high for glucose; lower for galactose, lactose, and sucrose; and lower still for fructose. High dietary sugar intake may be associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This is especially true for fructose and sucrose, which increase blood lipids and impair hepatic insulin sensitivity when consumed in high doses. The effects of sugar-containing foods vary according to food group: fruit and vegetable consumption significantly protects against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, while consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with an increased risk. The quality of sugar-containing foods should be assessed not only based on their sugar content, but also on their overall energy, dietary fiber, and micronutrient contents.

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Intakes and sources of total and added sugars among 4 to 13‐year‐old children in China, Mexico and the United States

Cited by 65 publications

References 21 publications

Snacking Patterns in Children: A Comparison between Australia, China, Mexico, and the US

Snacking Patterns in Children: A Comparison between Australia, China, Mexico, and the US

Implementing a novel electronic health record approach to track child sugar-sweetened beverage consumption

Quality of Sugars and Sugar-Containing Foods

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