“…In that case, these agents have their functions, such as loading, unloading, and container inventory management, while they have separate interactive functions, such as loading and then leaving. ABM has found its relevance in various areas of container shipping, namely in frameworks for reducing congestion (Shobayo and Van Hassel, 2019), container terminal productivity (Mazloumi and van Hassel, 2021), and most importantly, in both inter-terminal transport (Iqbal, 2015) and interland (Feng et al, 2015).…”