Integrated Analysis of C16orf54 as a Potential Prognostic, Diagnostic, and Immune Marker across Pan-Cancer

Abstract

Chromosome 16 open reading frame 54 (C16orf54) is a protein coding gene, showing a biased expression in the bone marrow, lymph node, and 11 other tissues. Reports on the function of C16orf54 in the onset and development of tumours remain scarce. Clinical information and tumour expression profile data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) were utilized to determine the relationship between C16orf54 expression and prognosis, diagnosis, immune microenvironment, heterogeneity, and stemness across pan-cancer. The findings ascertained that C16orf54 was expressed at a low level in most cancers. Furthermore, C16orf54 could distinguish between cancer and normal tissues with high accuracy in most cancers, and the prognostic significance of low C16orf54 mRNA levels differs across cancers. C16orf54 expression was positively linked to the stromal, immune, and ESTIMATE scores. On the other hand, C16orf54 was reported to be negatively correlated with tumour purity in most cancers. Further, C16orf54 expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration and the expression of immune regulatory genes, including chemokines, receptors, major histocompatibility complexes, immune inhibitory, and immune stimulatory genes, in most cancers. Additionally, C16orf54 expression was significantly associated with tumour heterogeneity indicators, such as tumour mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI), and was significantly correlated with DNAss and RNAss tumour stemness indicators. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, as well as Gene Set Enrichment analysis (GSEA), revealed that C16orf54 expression was closely linked to the signalling pathways of immune cells and factors. The integrated analysis of C16orf54 indicates it as a potential prognostic, diagnostic, and immune marker, which could be adopted as a novel target for adjuvant immunotherapy across pan-cancer.

A Meta-Analysis Study to Infer Voltage-Gated K+ Channels Prognostic Value in Different Cancer Types

“…Furthermore, most of them were linked to immune activation mechanisms that take an active part in the fight against carcinogenesis. For example, IKZF1 [ 60 ], SLAMF1 [ 61 , 62 ], ITGAL [ 63 , 64 ], C16orf54 [ 65 ], and CYTIP [ 66 ] are among the top 50 genes that are positively related to KCNA3 and are present in all three types of tumors ( Figure S2 ). These genes have all been reported to play a role in the regulation and/or recruitment of immune cells in tumors.…”

EBV-Associated Hub Genes as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting the Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

“…In this study, we clarified that CRIP1 has a low expression in NPC, which can predict tumor occurrence and patient survival. Though the functions of C16orf54, RARRES3, and TBC1D10C in cancer development have also been previously studied [ 35 , 36 , 37 ], their roles in NPC are revealed for the first time in this study. CD27 and CD53 are often expressed in the immune system, where they play important regulatory roles.…”

SWATH-MS Analysis of Blood Plasma and Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles Enables Detection of Putative Protein Biomarkers of Fertility in Young and Aged Dairy Cows

“…41,42 As the specific function of DNAI4 has not yet been described in this respect, future investigations may wish to elucidate the role of this specific dynein in in vitro or in vivo models. The other uncharacterized protein in the high-fertility sEV group, A5PKB9 (C16orf54) has been implicated as a potential diagnostic/prognostic in Pancancer, 43 and in lipid droplet formation, 44 thus its association with reproductive status is unclear. When considering the remaining two proteins uniquely identified in the high-fertility sEV samples, chromosomally normal pregnancy loss in humans has been ascribed to variants in Baz1a (E1BN25), 45 while Hexb (−/−) (H7BWW2) male and female mice were found to be infertile in an age-dependent manner.…”

“…For instance, Dna14 , which encodes Dynein axonemal intermediate chain 4 (DNAI4), was exclusively detected in high-fertility sEV samples and has not been well-characterized; however, other members of the dynein complex family have been under study for their roles in vertebrate male and female infertility, namely dynein axenomal intermediate and light chains DNAI1 and DNAL1. − The dynein family of motor proteins perform a wide range of biological functions, but in the context of reproduction and reproductive deficits, their role in spermatozoa motility and ciliary transport of the oocyte in the oviduct and fallopian tube is the most relevant. , As the specific function of DNAI4 has not yet been described in this respect, future investigations may wish to elucidate the role of this specific dynein in in vitro or in vivo models. The other uncharacterized protein in the high-fertility sEV group, A5PKB9 ( C16orf54 ) has been implicated as a potential diagnostic/prognostic in Pan-cancer, and in lipid droplet formation, thus its association with reproductive status is unclear. When considering the remaining two proteins uniquely identified in the high-fertility sEV samples, chromosomally normal pregnancy loss in humans has been ascribed to variants in Baz1a (E1BN25), while Hexb (−/−) (H7BWW2) male and female mice were found to be infertile in an age-dependent manner .…”