Integrated biomarker assessment of the effects exerted by treated produced water from an onshore natural gas processing plant in the North Sea on the mussel Mytilus edulis

Study of the bile proteome of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ): Multi-biological markers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…The present study validates the use of fish bile proteome as a useful tool for monitoring the impact of PAHs in Atlantic cod, a commonly utilized species in biomonitoring of the impact from the oil & gas activities in the North Sea (Brooks et al, 2011;Sundt et al, 2012). Moreover, the overall proteome or a number of selected proteins can be developed as a multi-biological marker of exposure to oil.…”

PAH assessment in the main Brazilian offshore oil and gas production area using semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMD) and transplanted bivalves

“…In the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, several studies using blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) as monitoring organism have shown comparable results for SPMD and mussel-based estimated PAH concentrations in seawater Neff et al, 2006, Utvik et al, 1999, Durell et al, 2000, Brooks et al, 2011a, 2011b.…”

Health status assessment through an integrative biomarker approach in mussels of different ages with a different history of exposure to the Prestige oil spill

“…Lysosomal biomarkers were determined like in recent contributions (Brooks et al, 2011(Brooks et al, , 2012Garmendia et al, 2011a;Marigómez et al, 2013b;Lekube et al, 2014). Lysosomal membrane stability was evaluated in serial cryostat sections (10 μm thick) of one chuck (5 digestive glands) per sample after the cytochemical demonstration of hexosaminidase activity, according to a standardised procedure (UNEP/ RAMOGE, 1999), based on the time of acid labilisation (LP) required to produce the maximum staining intensity.…”

“…Slides were viewed at 400× magnification. The extent of ORO staining in the digestive gland epithelium was measured with the aid of image analysis, as in recent contributions (Garmendia et al, 2010;Brooks et al, 2011;Marigómez et al, 2013b). The method is described in detail by Marigómez and Baybay-Villacorta (2003).…”

“…Normally basophilic cells are less abundant than digestive cells but this is reversed under stress conditions as the result of digestive cell loss and concomitant basophilic cell hypertrophy (Zaldibar et al, 2007). Epithelial thinning and luminal swelling in digestive gland diverticula occur in response to natural environmental stressors (malnutrition, saline, thermal and post-spawning stress) as well as after exposure to pollutants (Bayne et al, 1978;Lowe et al, 1981;Lowe and Clarke, 1989;Vega et al, 1989;Cajaraville et al, 1991;Marigómez et al, 2006;Garmendia et al, 2011b;Brooks et al, 2011). Histopathological alterations such as parasitic infestations and inflammatory responses reflect the general health status of sentinel molluscs (Kim et al, 1998;Garmendia et al, 2011b).…”