Integrated biosensor platform based on graphene transistor arrays for real-time high-accuracy ion sensing

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials such as graphene have shown great promise as biosensors, but suffer from large device-to-device variation due to non-uniform material synthesis and device fabrication technologies. Here, we develop a robust bioelectronic sensing platform composed of more than 200 integrated sensing units, custom-built high-speed readout electronics, and machine learning inference that overcomes these challenges to achieve rapid, portable, and reliable measurements. The platform demonstrates reconfigurable multi-ion electrolyte sensing capability and provides highly sensitive, reversible, and real-time response for potassium, sodium, and calcium ions in complex solutions despite variations in device performance. A calibration method leveraging the sensor redundancy and device-to-device variation is also proposed, while a machine learning model trained with multi-dimensional information collected through the multiplexed sensor array is used to enhance the sensing system’s functionality and accuracy in ion classification.

A sprayed graphene transistor platform for rapid and low-cost chemical sensing

“…These performance metrics are in line with the best sodium selective GFETs previously reported using CVD graphene. 100,101 Furthermore, we demonstrated 2 Na +selective EG-GFETs simultaneously detecting Na + . The EG-GFETs were allowed to settle for 300 s to attain a stable I D (Fig.…”

Chemiresistive Hydrogen Sensing with Size-Limited Palladium Nanoparticles in Iptycene-Containing Poly(arylene ether)s

“…Figure reveals the transfer characteristics of the GFETs with Pent-SO 2 -Pd before and after the H 2 exposure. The current between source and drain ( I ds ) was measured when the applied gate voltage ( V gs ) swept from −6 to 6 V. A notable left shift (∼1 V) of the Dirac point (minimum conduction point) in the I – V curve was observed after the H 2 exposure, indicating an n -type doping effect , as a result of the interaction between the Pd NPs and H 2 . This observation is consistent with the proposed reduction–oxidation sensing mechanism.…”

“…All electrical measurements were performed using a custom-built measurement system at room temperature. For I–V sweep measurements, the drain-source voltage V ds was held constant and the gate-source voltage V gs was swept from −6 to 6 V in 50 mV increments.…”

Recent progress on the use of graphene-based nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells

“…66,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] Also, GBNs increases the exibility of these cells. Due to the unique properties of GBNs, they have been used in numerous elds and practical applications, [82][83][84] in addition to PSCs, including in freshwater production by solar desalination, [85][86][87][88] degradation of pollutants, [89][90][91][92][93] oil/water separation, [94][95][96] and in medicine as antibacterial, 97-100 antiviral, 101 and anticancer agents, 102 biosensors, 103,104 and fuel cells 105 (see Fig. 4).…”