Integrated Chemical Control of Insects and Biological Control of Mites on Apple in Washington1

Hoyt, S. C.

doi:10.1093/jee/62.1.74

Cited by 210 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…1, Table 1I). Earlier, field researchers had suspected that resistance had developed in both species (Swift, 1970& Hoyt, 1969. Thereafter, O-P resistant strains of the coccinellid predator, Stethorus punctum LeConte, were observed in Pennsylvania in the early 1960s (Dean Asquith, pers.…”

Section: The Status Of Resistance In Apple Pestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selective acaricides may be needed periodically to readjust predator-prey ratios in favor of the natural enemy so that regulation of the pest can be achieved. Examples of the details of these mite management programs are given in Hoyt (1969), Croft (1975a) and Croft & McGroarty (1977).…”

Section: Uses Of Resistant Predatory Mites and Insects In Imp Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Washington (Hoyt, 1969), the toxic thinning agent for apples, carbaryl, is only applied to the outer periphery of apple trees to conserve the predator, T. occidentalis which typically colonizes the inner regions of the tree in early season. In Michigan, A. fallacis is conserved by applying chemicals to trees only in early season when the predator is protected in the orchard ground cover (Croft & McGroarty, 1977).…”

Section: Selective Use Of Insecticides Based On Patterns Of O-p Resismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arthropod Resistance to Insecticides: A Key to Pest Control Failures and Successes in North American Apple Orchards

Croft

1982

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Cases of developed resistance in apple arthropods in North America, including pests and natural enemies, are reviewed with emphasis on the past 20 years since organophosphate (O-P) insecticides were first widely employed. During this period, no key pest, including the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella L., has developed resistance to the O-P compound, azinphosmethyl, while a variety of secondary pests including mites, aphids, leafhopper and leafminers, have done so as well as several important natural enemies of these species. The extensive features of DDT, O-P, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in the predatory mites Tyhplodromus occidentalis Nesbitt and Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) are described. Also discussed is the impact of long-term O-P use and resistance in relation to pest problems, insecticide selectivity and IPM, increased biological control, changing requirements for new chemical insecticides and possibilities for "'resistance management" within the entire arthropod pest natural enemy complex associated with this crop.

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Section: The Status Of Resistance In Apple Pestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uses Of Resistant Predatory Mites and Insects In Imp Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selective Use Of Insecticides Based On Patterns Of O-p Resismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arthropod Resistance to Insecticides: A Key to Pest Control Failures and Successes in North American Apple Orchards

Croft

1982

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…The availability of both methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos, which exhibited negative cross-resistances with azinphosmethyl (Dunley and Welter, 2000), allowed growers to use other effective materials if needed. The existing integrated mite management programme present in most orchards was largely created by the development of resistance by the phytoseiid mites to azinphosmethyl (Hoyt, 1969). This was also true for the effective BC of the western tentiform leaf miner by Pflavipes (Beers et at., 1993).…”

Section: Factors Available For Successful Awpm Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Codling moth areawide integrated pest management.

Knight¹

2008

Areawide Pest Management: Theory and Implementation

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The 5-year CAMP (Codling Moth [Cydia pomonella] Areawide Management Program) was the first of the areawide programmes initiated by USDA. The goal of this programme was to implement, assess, research and educate the industry about promising new IPM technologies. CAMP was highly successful in fuelling the rapid adoption of a new paradigm in orchard pest management that resulted in significant reductions in fruit injury using nearly 80% less broad-spectrum insecticides. Several factors have contributed to the success of the CAMP programme. These can be grouped into two categories: (i) operational - the availability of several effective and selective tactics for both the key and secondary pests backed by technical support; and (ii) organizational - well-funded, coordinated programmes directly involving growers, researchers, industry leaders and governmental administrators. The lesson learned from the CAMP programme is that pest management is similar to rocket science and requires attention, experience and skill to be effective. Dissemination of knowledge and coordination of actions by individual growers have been shown to improve pest management, and offer tremendous benefits to society. Future efforts should focus on how similar, grower-based organizations can be developed and sustained.

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“…The former approach was adopted successfully by Hoyt (1969) in Washington State U.S.A., where Cydia pornonella (L), codling moth was controlled with the organophosphate azinphos-methyl. In these orchards, the organophosphate resistant predacious mite, Typhlodrornus occidentalis Nesbitt controlled Tetranychus mcdenieli McGregor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlordimeform: Its Prospects for the Integrated Control of Applepests at Bathurst

Walters¹

1976

Australian Journal of Entomology

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The ability of chlordimeform 0.1% and 0.05% leptophos 0.05% and azinphos-methyl 0.05% to prevent Cydia pomonella damage to Granny Smith apples was assessed in a replicated field trial. All treatments controlled C. pornonella. Leptophos 0.05% and azinphos-methyl 0.05% were toxic to Stethorus spp. Chlordimeform 0.1% and 0.05% were non-toxic to Stethorus spp. T. urticae developed to a high population in the azinphos-methyl 0.05% treatment and caused severe leaf damage, while in the chlordimeform treatments they remained at a level which did not result in leaf bronzing.Integrated control appears possible in Bathurst apple orchards through the application of chlordimeform 0.05% at 14 day intervals.

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Integrated Chemical Control of Insects and Biological Control of Mites on Apple in Washington1

Cited by 210 publications

References 0 publications

Arthropod Resistance to Insecticides: A Key to Pest Control Failures and Successes in North American Apple Orchards

Arthropod Resistance to Insecticides: A Key to Pest Control Failures and Successes in North American Apple Orchards

Codling moth areawide integrated pest management.

Chlordimeform: Its Prospects for the Integrated Control of Applepests at Bathurst

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