This chapter surveys the evolution of Computer-Aided systems in terms of support to the earliest stages of design and more specifically to the embodiment design phase, when functional requirements and related structural and manufacturing constraints must be translated into a working solution, i.e. the generation of topology and shape of a mechanical part. After an introductory discussion about the context and the limitations of current systems, the chapter summarizes the research outcomes of two projects: the first, namely PROSIT (From Systematic Innovation to Integrated Product Development), aimed at bridging systematic innovation practices and Computer-Aided Innovation (CAI) tools with Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems, by means of Design Optimization tools. The second, coordinated by the authors, is a prosecution of PROSIT and proposes the hybriDizAtion of Mono Objective optimizations (DAeMON) as a strategy for automatic topology and shape generation. The latter is clarified by means of two exemplary applications, one related to a literature example about Genetic Algorithms applied to multi-objective optimization, the second to an industrial case study from the motor scooter sector.
IntroductionThe last century has seen the development of more and more structured methods and procedures to support the Product Development cycle, both in terms of techniques to guide designers" decisions and of technologies to aid analysis and synthesis tasks. Three main ages are recognized in literature [1]: the era of productivity characterized by an increase of demand by society for the acquisition of Gaetano Cascini and Federico Rotini technical objects and consequently the focus on productivity improvement and costs reduction; the era of quality characterized by the necessity for rigorous steps of measurement and monitoring the production in order to increase the profitability, towards a total strategy of optimization of its efficiency; the era of innovation characterized by the need for structuring not only productivity and total quality, but also building a strategy of systematic innovation to bring in the market products addressing new users" needs or new ways to satisfy already identified needs and requirements.The first two ages have firstly involved the optimization of the production departments (both methods and technologies) in order to reduce the unitary cost of a product, i.e. adopting lean production approaches, and to guarantee its quality, i.e. ensuring the robustness of the related manufacturing processes.More recently, the focus has been switched to the engineering design tasks since they dramatically impact costs and quality, but also due to the emergence of innovation as the key for being competitive in the global market.Despite methods and tools for engineering design have radically evolved in the last decades also thanks to the availability of computational resources not comparable with any human effort, the engineering design process can still be considered as a series of three major sta...