“…The literature affirms that Industry 4.0 initiatives yield economic benefits, mainly due to the reduction of costs (particularly operating and labour costs), the increase of productivity and efficiency and the enhancement of customer satisfaction by reducing lead time and improving shipping and information accuracy, responsiveness and product customisation (Hofmann and R€ usch, 2017;Barreto et al, 2017;Edirisuriya et al, 2018;Strandhagen et al, 2017;Majeed and Impact of Logistics 4.0 Rupasinghe, 2017;Nikoli ci c et al, 2015;Ghadge et al, 2020;Ejsmont et al, 2020;Ghobakhloo, 2020;Bai et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2021;Queiroz et al, 2019;Bag et al, 2020a;Salam, 2019;Choudhury et al, 2021;Dubey et al, 2019a). Majeed and Rupasinghe (2017), for example, discuss the implementation of RFID technology by Walmart and Procter and Gamble, showing that revenue can increase considerably with the reduction of inventory, the improvement of service and the reduction of administrative expenses that result from the redesign of a business process.…”