Integrated Defense System Overlaps as a Disease Model: With Examples for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

Rowat, Steven C.

doi:10.2307/3433915

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(236 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, millions of automobiles on Nigerian roads run on PMS or diesel fuel. PMS contains volatile organic compound (VOC) such as benzene which is limited by regulation to 6–8% of the content of PMS in Nigeria [1] and between 1% (v/v) to 5% in the USA and Europe [2–6]. Nitrobenzene is largely used in the manufacture of aniline and for the production of lubricating oils used in automobiles and machineries among other uses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Petrol Station Attendants and Auto Mechanics to Premium Motor Sprit Fumes in Calabar, Nigeria

Udonwa

Uko

Ikpeme

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A population-based-cross-sectional survey was carried out to investigate the potential risk of exposure to premium motor spirit (PMS) fumes in Calabar, Nigeria, among Automobile Mechanics (AM), Petrol Station Attendants (PSA) and the general population. Structured questionnaire was administered on the randomly chosen subjects to elicit information on their exposure to PMS. Duration of exposure was taken as the length of work in their various occupations. Venous blood was taken for methaemoglobin (MetHb) and packed cells volume (PCV). Mean MetHb value was higher in AM (7.3%) and PSA (5.8%) than in the subjects from the general population (2.7%). PCV was lower in PSA (30.8%), than AM (33.3%) and the subjects from the general population (40.8%). MetHb level was directly proportional, and PCV inversely related, to the duration of exposure. The study suggested increased exposure to petrol fumes among AM, PSA, and MetHb as a useful biomarker in determining the level of exposure to benzene in petrol vapour.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Petrol Station Attendants and Auto Mechanics to Premium Motor Sprit Fumes in Calabar, Nigeria

Udonwa

Uko

Ikpeme

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As far as we are aware, this is the first observation of quantitative assessment of the association between increased elevations of mercury in biological indicator media and risk of MCS. It is therefore reasonable to assume that exposure to mercury might contribute to the observed symptoms among patients affected by MCS [53, 54, 85] and that measurements of mercury levels may be clinically useful. It is also not inconceivable that previous exposure to organic solvents (and VOCs) may determine susceptibility to metals in humans, but the mechanisms are not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergological and Toxicological Aspects in a Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Cohort

Pigatto

Minoia

Ronchi

et al. 2013

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition characterized by an exaggerated response to toxicants. We ascertained the prevalence of allergy to metals and toxicological aspects in MCS patients. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of 41 patients with MCS. We performed patch testing (n = 21) for dental series and did lymphocyte transformation test (n = 18) for metals. We measured mercury in samples of blood (n = 19), urine (n = 19), saliva (n = 20), and scalp hair (n = 17) to investigate the association between mercury levels and cases of MCS. Results. The prevalence of metal immune hypersensitivity in a subset of 26 patients was 92.3 percent. Elevations of mercury occurred in 81.2 percent (26 of 32). The mean (±SD) in blood concentrations of mercury was 7.6 ± 13.6 μg/L; mean in urine was 1.9 ± 2.5 μg/L; mean in scalp hair was 2.2 ± 2.5 μg/g; mean in saliva was 38.1 ± 52.1 μg/L. Subgroup analyses showed that elevation of mercury levels in biological matrices were associated with mercury amalgams in patients with MCS (22 patients), compared with controls (8 patients) (odds ratio 11 : 95 percent confidence interval 1.5 to 81.6; P = 0.023). Conclusions. Our data show an increased prevalence of metal allergy and elevation of mercury levels in bioindicators among patients with MCS.

show abstract

“…In the hypothalamus, FA increased 5-hydroxytriptamine 1A-receptor mRNA and GABA receptor α -1 subunit mRNA. The continuous disruption of GABA and unstable ACTH action through the synergistic effects of indoor chemical pollutants lead to unanticipated threshold changes, time-dependent sensitization [37] and may cause kindling.…”

Section: Effect Of Low-level Fa Inhalation On the Expression Of Nementioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds and Chemical Sensitivity Reactions

Win-Shwe

Fujimaki

Arashidani

et al. 2013

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies of unexplained symptoms observed in chemically sensitive subjects have increased the awareness of the relationship between neurological and immunological diseases due to exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, there is no direct evidence that links exposure to low doses of VOCs and neurological and immunological dysfunction. We review animal model data to clarify the role of VOCs in neuroimmune interactions and discuss our recent studies that show a relationship between chronic exposure of C3H mice to low levels of formaldehyde and the induction of neural and immune dysfunction. We also consider the possible mechanisms by which VOC exposure can induce the symptoms presenting in patients with a multiple chemical sensitivity.

show abstract

Integrated Defense System Overlaps as a Disease Model: With Examples for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

Abstract: The central nervous, immune, and endocrine systems communicate through multiple common messengers. Over

Cited by 4 publications

References 139 publications

Exposure of Petrol Station Attendants and Auto Mechanics to Premium Motor Sprit Fumes in Calabar, Nigeria

Exposure of Petrol Station Attendants and Auto Mechanics to Premium Motor Sprit Fumes in Calabar, Nigeria

Allergological and Toxicological Aspects in a Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Cohort

Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds and Chemical Sensitivity Reactions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About