Integrated design of microwave and photocatalytic reactors. Where are we now?

Lakerveld, Richard; Sturm, Gsj S.J.; Stankiewicz, AI; Stefanidis, Georgios D.

doi:10.1016/j.coche.2014.04.002

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Various photocatalytic reactors have been reviewed for different applications [52,53]. Most of them can be classified into microreactors and slurry reactors.…”

Section: Early Work On Microreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Microflowreactors for Photocatalysis Using Sonochemistry: A Systematic Review Article

2019

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Use of sonication for designing and fabricating reactors, especially the deposition of catalysts inside a microreactor, is a modern approach. There are many reports that prove that a microreactor is a better setup compared with batch reactors for carrying out catalytic reactions. Microreactors have better energy efficiency, reaction rate, safety, a much finer degree of process control, better molecular diffusion, and heat-transfer properties compared with the conventional batch reactor. The use of microreactors for photocatalytic reactions is also being considered to be the appropriate reactor configuration because of its improved irradiation profile, better light penetration through the entire reactor depth, and higher spatial illumination homogeneity. Ultrasound has been used efficiently for the synthesis of materials, degradation of organic compounds, and fuel production, among other applications. The recent increase in energy demands, as well as the stringent environmental stress due to pollution, have resulted in the need to develop green chemistry-based processes to generate and remove contaminants in a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner. It is possible to carry out the synthesis and deposition of catalysts inside the reactor using the ultrasound-promoted method in the microfluidic system. In addition, the synergistic effect generated by photocatalysis and sonochemistry in a microreactor can be used for the production of different chemicals, which have high value in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The current review highlights the use of both photocatalysis and sonochemistry for developing microreactors and their applications.

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“…Various photocatalytic reactors have been reviewed for different applications [52,53]. Most of them can be classified into microreactors and slurry reactors.…”

Section: Early Work On Microreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Microflowreactors for Photocatalysis Using Sonochemistry: A Systematic Review Article

2019

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“…This selection also aims at the realization of improvements in the design of MW and RF heating equipment [18,110,111]. In fact, the level of interaction between food and high-frequency electromagnetic energy defines these properties, which makes them important for the design of food and meals intended for MW propagation [32,39,112].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the aim of building a successful application of grading based on electromagnetic energy and developing heating processes, it is important to determine the optimum frequency range in which a material has the desired dielectric properties, the basic knowledge needed to determine the frequency and dielectric properties [ 4 ]. This selection also aims at the realization of improvements in the design of MW and RF heating equipment [ 18 , 110 , 111 ]. In fact, the level of interaction between food and high-frequency electromagnetic energy defines these properties, which makes them important for the design of food and meals intended for MW propagation [ 32 , 39 , 112 ].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Spectroscopy in Biomaterials: Agrophysics

et al. 2016

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Being dependent on temperature and frequency, dielectric properties are related to various types of food. Predicting multiple physical characteristics of agri-food products has been the main objective of non-destructive assessment possibilities executed in many studies on horticultural products and food materials. This review manipulates the basic fundamentals of dielectric properties with their concepts and principles. The different factors affecting the behavior of dielectric properties have been dissected, and applications executed on different products seeking the characterization of a diversity of chemical and physical properties are all pointed out and referenced with their conclusions. Throughout the review, a detailed description of the various adopted measurement techniques and the mostly popular equipment are presented. This compiled review serves in coming out with an updated reference for the dielectric properties of spectroscopy that are applied in the agrophysics field.

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“…There is a need to develop instrumentation that enables the measurements of the dielectric properties of microwave‐irradiated catalytic reactors under real process conditions over a wide frequency range. The process conditions concern the actual reaction temperature, which may be several hundred degrees Celsius, and the exposure of catalyst to reactants and products in gas or liquid form . In the next step, the results should be used to guide the development of new models based on effective medium theories, which will correlate the dielectric properties of catalyst composites as function of the catalyst size, shape, composition, and temperature.…”

Section: From Theory To Practice: the Way Aheadmentioning

confidence: 99%