Integrated Driving and Braking Control Unit for Electric Bikes

Lin, Chong; Hsieh, Min-Chi; Chen, Tao-Hung

doi:10.4271/10-02-03-0015

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This provides a correlation of torque and angular velocity down to 0% load [17]. Another study provides a closed-form solution for stopping power based on specific voltage and current measurements but also outlines a control algorithm where regeneration power is based on a rider's desired braking torque [18]. It may be important to have the torque provided by regenerative braking accounted for when deciding front and rear brake proportioning.…”

Section: Braking Torque Applied During Bicycle Battery Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Characterization of a Single Lever Bicycle Brake with Hydraulic Pressure Proportioning

Machado

Viswanathan

2023

Applied Sciences

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In 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that 329,000 Americans were injured in cycling-related incidents. Since the first bicycle brake in 1817, there has been an individual brake lever for decelerating each wheel, while on cars, there has been a single control lever for decelerating multiple wheels since 1921. To perform an emergency stop on a bicycle, the rider must proportion hand pressure on each brake lever and simultaneously vary hand pressure throughout the duration of the maneuver to match the variations of normal force on each tire. Only highly skilled riders, with years of training and practice, can correctly proportion brake pressure to maximize available traction and thus minimize stopping distances. The objective of this study is to simulate and prototype a hydraulic, single-lever bicycle brake system, integrating front and rear brake proportioning, which minimizes stopping distance compared to dual-lever simulations. A design is developed to address the brake proportioning issue. Based on the simulations and physical model, the prototype proportioning valve decreased simulated stopping distances up to 18%. Exploring a range of bike types and scenarios, stopping distances were decreased between 13% and 26%. Simulating an ideal proportioning valve, stopping distances were further decreased between 4% and 40%. These results show that there can be an advantage to brake proportioning technologies in bicycles.

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Section: Braking Torque Applied During Bicycle Battery Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Characterization of a Single Lever Bicycle Brake with Hydraulic Pressure Proportioning

Machado

Viswanathan

2023

Applied Sciences

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“…where u c (t) provides compensation for the deviations from the sliding surface and the equivalent control causes the derivative of the sliding surface to stay on the sliding surface. According to [24], the sliding surface can be selected as s λ =λ − λ re f where λ re f is the ideal reference of λ. We assumed a positive definite Lyapunov function defined as…”

Section: Design Of Slip Ratio Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electric bike was equipped with a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), previously adopted in [24]. The dsPIC30F3011 microcontroller, by Microchip Technology Co., Arizona, US, was used to realize the integrated driving/braking control unit.…”

Section: Hardware Realizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorless Driving/Braking Control for Electric Vehicles

Chen

Cheng

et al. 2020

Actuators

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A sensorless driving/braking control system for electric vehicles is explained in the present paper. In the proposed system, a field-oriented control (FOC) was used to integrate driving and braking controls in a unified module for reducing the cost of hardware and simultaneously incorporating functional flexibility. An antilock braking system can swiftly halt a vehicle during emergency braking. An electromagnetic reverse braking scheme that provided retarding torque to a running wheel was developed. The scheme could switch the state of the MOSFETs used in the system by alternating the duty cycle of pulse width modulation to adjust the braking current generated by the back electromotive force (EMF) of the motor. In addition, because the braking energy required for the electromagnetic braking scheme is related only to the back EMF, the vehicle operator can control the braking force and safely stop an electric vehicle at high speeds. The proposed integrated sensorless driving and electromagnetic braking system was verified experimentally.

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“…Since this part is not the major focus of this paper thus theoretical development is ignored for brevity. One may refer to [24, 25] for more details.…”

Section: Description Of Driving/braking Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor driving/braking control scheme with integration of multiple driving components

Chang

Lin

et al. 2020

Asian Journal of Control

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This paper develops a modular multilevel inverter which integrates driving/braking control schemes in a unit for electric vehicles. The multiple driving components are used to balance surge voltage/current across the last stage power MOSFETs due to abrupt back electromotive force (EMF) generated by the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). A fundamental unit of the motor driver generally consists of multiple power MOSFETs connected in series/parallel with a braking resistor. These units can be assembled according to the design. In practice, when a PMSM is driven due to inertia rotation, it becomes a power generator which would induce back EMF caused by magnetic induction when a braking command is applied to the driver. If one tries to increase braking effect by reversing driving torque with any approaches for immediately or fast stopping the rotating motor, it commonly leads to switching element breakdown due to the surge counter EMF. In this paper, with the expandable series–parallel design of the inverter circuit, surge voltage/current is dispersed in a balanced manner. Compared with conventional three‐phase motor driver design, the proposed one possesses better durability. Also, it reduces hardware cost since it allows low‐grade power components to be used in the high‐power motor drivers.

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Integrated Driving and Braking Control Unit for Electric Bikes

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Design and Characterization of a Single Lever Bicycle Brake with Hydraulic Pressure Proportioning

Design and Characterization of a Single Lever Bicycle Brake with Hydraulic Pressure Proportioning

Sensorless Driving/Braking Control for Electric Vehicles

Motor driving/braking control scheme with integration of multiple driving components

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