Integrated electrochemical detection for lab on a chip analytical microsystems

Pai, R.S.; Roussel, Thomas J.; Crain, Mark M.; Jackson, Douglas; Conklin, J.A.; Baldwin, Richard P.; Keynton, Robert; Naber, John; Walsh, Kevin M.

doi:10.1109/ugim.2001.960323

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This instrument was combined with a microchip CE device, which highlighted its applicability as a step towards a portable CE system [93,94]. Later amperometric detection circuitry was integrated into the instrument.…”

Section: Chip-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the development of truly portable andin-situcapillary electrophoresis systems

Lewis

Cranny

Harris

et al. 2013

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a technique which uses an electric field to separate a mixed sample into its constituents. Portable CE systems enable this powerful analysis technique to be used in the field. Many of the challenges for portable systems are similar to those of autonomous in-situ analysis and therefore portable systems may be considered a stepping stone towards autonomous in-situ analysis. CE is widely used for biological and chemical analysis and example applications include: water quality analysis; drug development and quality control; proteomics and DNA analysis; counter-terrorism (explosive material identification) and corrosion monitoring. The technique is often limited to laboratory use, since it requires large electric fields, sensitive detection systems and fluidic control systems. All of these place restrictions in terms of: size, weight, cost, choice of operating solutions, choice of fabrication materials, electrical power and lifetime. In this review we bring together and critique the work by researchers addressing these issues. We emphasize the importance of a holistic approach for portable and in-situ CE systems and discuss all the aspects of the design. We identify gaps in the literature which require attention for the realization of both truly portable and in-situ CE systems.

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Section: Chip-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the development of truly portable andin-situcapillary electrophoresis systems

Lewis

Cranny

Harris

et al. 2013

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…Traditional chip configurations use up to thousands of volts to establish electric fields for separation [7,12,18], and therefore, strong power supplies are required, although they limit the portability of the system and prevent complete integration with microelectronics [9]. A compact, batterypowered, high-voltage power supply (weight ~0.2 kg) has been developed [19] that is a major improvement over the conventional bench-top supply. However, there is still room to improve the area and power consumption of electrophoresis systems.…”

Section: Current Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-domain simulation of electrophoretic DNA separation for CMOS IC design

Wake

Brooke

2008

2008 51st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems

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Electrophoretic separation is a key technology for DNA sequencing, environmental pathogen detection and identification, disease diagnostics, and proteomics. However, current electrophoresis systems are limited to laboratory benchtop applications due to cost and size. Even current chipbased electrophoresis systems require high voltages and are several centimeters in length, effectively preventing wide pointof-care and field use. A small (less than 1 cm), mass producible, low voltage (less than 5 V) electrophoretic system could move this powerful technology off the benchtop, out of the lab, and into wide use. A CMOS system on a chip has been proposed that would produce dynamic electric fields to dramatically reduce the operating voltages required for electrophoretic separation, and the fine resolution available in CMOS technology can be used to shorten the column lengths necessary for successful separation. Traditional circuit simulation is not suitable for a system that is characterized by electromagnetic fields and fluid behavior.A specialized mixed-domain simulation has been developed to determine the effectiveness of this system for DNA separation. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis has been shown to be a particularly useful method of DNA analysis for pathogen identification, and its use as a feasible method on the electrophoresis system is investigated.

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“…Using multiple electrodes, the electric field can be moved with the sample as it travels along the separation area. Electric fields established for electrophoretic separation published in the literature are on the order of 100 V/cm [9,13,16,19]. With the proposed electrode configuration and a 5-V power supply, electric fields as high as 1389 V/cm over a distance of 36 µm can be achieved.…”

Section: Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional chip configurations use up to hundreds or thousands of volts to establish electric fields for separation [7,13,15]; therefore, strong power supplies are required although they limit the portability of the system and prevent complete integration with microelectronics [9]. Even though a compact battery-powered high-voltage power supply (weight ~ 0.2 kg) has been developed [16], which is a major improvement over the conventional bench-top supply, there is still room for improvement. There have been attempts at reducing the applied voltage levels by using traveling electric fields [15,17], but the large scale of the chips means large voltages are still needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low voltage electrophoresis on a CMOS chip

Wake

Brooke

2007

2007 50th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems

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Electrophoresis is a valuable technique for the separation and analysis of chemical and biological specimens. Typically, an electric field is established between two electrodes that induces charged particles to move and separate. Instead of using only one electrode at each end of the separation area, this paper presents a very small, low voltage system that utilizes electrodes beneath the entire separation area, enabling better control of high electric fields using very small voltages over small areas. By employing multiple electrodes, strong electric fields can be established using very low voltages (less than 5 V) over small distances. The electrodes are also used to sense sample locations and concentrations using amperometric detection, and integrated electronics allow precise control over the fields. The system presented here includes 100 individually addressable electrodes and their corresponding circuitry on a 2 mm by 2 mm chip and is designed using the AMI 1.5 µm CMOS process available through MOSIS.

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Integrated electrochemical detection for lab on a chip analytical microsystems

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Review on the development of truly portable andin-situcapillary electrophoresis systems

Review on the development of truly portable andin-situcapillary electrophoresis systems

Mixed-domain simulation of electrophoretic DNA separation for CMOS IC design

Low voltage electrophoresis on a CMOS chip

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