Integrated Energy and Emission Management for Diesel Engines with Waste Heat Recovery Using Dynamic Models

Willems, Frank; Kupper, Frank; Rascanu, George; Feru, Emanuel

doi:10.2516/ogst/2013210

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The warm-up penalty is included in the optimal control problem. 24 This requires an accurate catalyst temperature model. Map-based temperature values from steady-state measurements are being used in estimating catalyst input temperature T in .…”

Section: Internal Combustion Engine Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of cost-optimized dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT) constraints on powertrain optimal control

Rajan

Richert

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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In the transition from internal combustion engines (ICE) based vehicles to pure battery electric vehicles (BEVs), the powertrain is becoming increasingly electrified (xEV). Based on their capability to recuperate brake energy in the legislative test cycles, intermediate xEV vehicles are classified as mild and strong electrified vehicles. Growing xEV sales currently pave the way for the application of cost-optimized dedicated components. The B segment vehicle analyzed in this work is currently equipped with a conventional coaxial transmission, which can offer multiple power sources (combustion engine, electric machine, or hybrid) in a single shift with an additional clutch. A cost-optimized dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT) is designed by eliminating the launch clutch, synchronizers, and redundant energy travel paths to replace the coaxial transmission. The DHT requires one shift for each energy path to connect the power source to the wheels. The flexible coaxial transmission requires only a low specific number of gear shifts to drive a typical test cycle. However, the DHT has constrained energy paths, leading to a high specific number of gear shifts to drive identical test cycles when applied with the standard Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS) optimal control. A one dimensional closed-loop simulation model for the passenger car longitudinal dynamics is used in this analysis. The vehicle velocity and evaluation criteria for the simulation are based on the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). The loss maps from steady-state test bench measurements for the internal combustion engine (ICE), the electric motor (EM), and the transmission unit are used as inputs in building the simulation model. A drivability penalty approach is introduced in the standard A-ECMS optimal control to reduce the number of gear shifts. The work analyzes the gear shift behavior and the absolute CO2 emission between the cost-optimized DHT and the existing coaxial transmission for the considered vehicle application. Detailed power flow using a Sankey diagram from different onboard vehicle sources for the cost-optimized DHT solution is included in the results section. The developed model is validated with a prototype vehicle environment on the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS).

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Section: Internal Combustion Engine Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of cost-optimized dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT) constraints on powertrain optimal control

Rajan

Richert

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Despite of these steady experimental studies, experimental transient tests with ethanol in WHR applications have not been published. Some transient models [23]- [26] and experimental installations with water [27] were presented in the literature. However, there is a gap considering ethanol as working fluid and dynamic conditions in an ICE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic tests and adaptive control of a bottoming organic Rankine cycle of IC engine using swash-plate expander

Torregrosa

Galindo

Dolz

et al. 2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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This paper deals with the experimental testing of a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) integrate in a 2 liter turbocharged gasoline engine using ethanol as working fluid. The main components of the cycle are a boiler, a condenser, a pump and a swash-plate expander. Both steady and transient tests were performed in three engine operating points to understand the behavior and inertia of the system. Pressure-Volume diagram during these transients were presented and analyzed. Operating parameters of the expander, such as expander speed and boiler power, were shifted. The objective of these tests is to understand the inertia of the system and to have a robust control in all the possible transient tests.New European Driving Cycle was tested with and without the expander because

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“…Similar to the vapor fraction modeling for the evaporator, the expander outlet vapor fraction is obtained by substituting Equation (23) into Equation (13).…”

Section: Expandermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the supervisory control strategy [23] that combines energy and emission management will be extended by considering the proposed WHR control strategy.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Control of a Parallel Waste Heat Recovery System for Euro-VI Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

et al. 2014

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This paper presents the modeling and control of a waste heat recovery system for a Euro-VI heavy-duty truck engine. The considered waste heat recovery system consists of two parallel evaporators with expander and pumps mechanically coupled to the engine crankshaft. Compared to previous work, the waste heat recovery system modeling is improved by including evaporator models that combine the finite difference modeling approach with a moving boundary one. Over a specific cycle, the steady-state and dynamic temperature prediction accuracy improved on average by 2% and 7%. From a control design perspective, the objective is to maximize the waste heat recovery system output power. However, for safe system operation, the vapor state needs to be maintained before the expander under highly dynamic engine disturbances. To achieve this, a switching model predictive control strategy is developed. The proposed control strategy performance is demonstrated using the high-fidelity waste heat recovery system model subject to measured disturbances from an Euro-VI heavy-duty diesel engine. Simulations are performed using a cold-start World Harmonized Transient cycle that covers typical urban, rural and highway driving conditions. The model predictive control strategy provides 15% more time in vapor and recovered thermal energy than a classical proportional-integral (PI) control strategy. In the case that the model is accurately known, the proposed control strategy performance can be improved by 10% in terms of time in vapor and recovered thermal energy. This is demonstrated with an offline nonlinear model predictive control strategy.Energies 2014, 7 6572

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Integrated Energy and Emission Management for Diesel Engines with Waste Heat Recovery Using Dynamic Models

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Impact of cost-optimized dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT) constraints on powertrain optimal control

Impact of cost-optimized dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT) constraints on powertrain optimal control

Dynamic tests and adaptive control of a bottoming organic Rankine cycle of IC engine using swash-plate expander

Modeling and Control of a Parallel Waste Heat Recovery System for Euro-VI Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

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