Integrated Factor Graph Algorithm for DOA-Based Geolocation and Tracking

Cheng, Meng; Aziz, Muhammad Reza Kahar; Matsumoto, Tad

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2979510

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…) the measurement error. For the tracking system, the multi-target non-linear discrete state-space model (SSM) is used, as in [19]. I anonymous target positions are located in…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with e k ∼ N (0, σ 2 e ) the observation noise. Since e k is unknown, we use the variance of ϕ k that achieves the smallest σ 2 e , which can be calculated from the CRLB [19].…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To perform tracking, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used in this article, as in [15], [19]. The target positions estimated by FG-GE can be regarded as observation state in the tracking process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the variance of the observation error can not be directly detected. Instead, the smallest variance of the observation which can be determined by the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is used as the variance of the observation error [19], [20]. The proposed algorithm that combines FGs for GE and EKF is referred to as FG-GE-EKF for the notation convenience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A TOA-DOA Hybrid Factor Graph-Based Technique for Multi-Target Geolocation and Tracking

2021

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In this article, we propose a new distributed sensors-based multi-target geolocation and tracking technique. The proposed technique is a joint time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) factor graph (FG) for multi-target geolocation (FG-GE), which is further combined with another FG for extend Kalman filtering (FG-GE-EKF) for tracking. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) scenarios are considered. In the FG-GE part, a new sensor association technique is proposed to solve the matching problem, which makes the right correspondence between the DOA/TOA information gathered by the distributed sensors and each target. With the proposed sensor association technique, the measured signals from targets can adequately be matched to their corresponding FGs. Thereby, the multi-target geolocation can be reduced to multiple independent single target geolocation. In addition, in the 3D scenario, each target is projected onto three orthogonal planes in the (x, y, z) coordinate. With this operation, the 3D geolocation is decomposed into three 2D geolocation problems. In the FG-GE-EKF part, the whole tracking system can be divided into two steps: prediction step and update step. In the prediction step, the predicted state is obtained from the previous state. Then, we utilize the predicted state as a prior information, and also to update the message exchanged in FG-GE. In the update step, the estimates obtained by FG-GE are regarded as observation state which is used to refine the predicted state, and acquire the current state. With proposed the FG-GE-EKF, the position estimation accuracy and tracking performance can be improved dramatically, without requiring excessively high computational effort. INDEX TERMS Factor graph (FG), time of arrival (TOA), direction of arrival (DOA), geolocation, extend Kalman filter (EKF), tracking, sensor association.

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“…) the measurement error. For the tracking system, the multi-target non-linear discrete state-space model (SSM) is used, as in [19]. I anonymous target positions are located in…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with e k ∼ N (0, σ 2 e ) the observation noise. Since e k is unknown, we use the variance of ϕ k that achieves the smallest σ 2 e , which can be calculated from the CRLB [19].…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A TOA-DOA Hybrid Factor Graph-Based Technique for Multi-Target Geolocation and Tracking

2021

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“…investigated, e.g. [2], [3]. In this paper, we investigate the outage probability of transmissions in the category of network information theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outage Probability of One-Source-With-One- Helper Sensor Systems in Block Rayleigh Fading Multiple Access Channels

Song

Cheng

et al. 2021

IEEE Sensors J.

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Two correlated sources are transmitted over a block Rayleigh fading multiple access channel (MAC), where information recovery from only one of the sources is aimed at, and the other is used as a helper which helps recover the source sequences at the destination. In this paper, the successful transmission is defined as in the case the transmission rates satisfy the intersection of both the MAC region and the Slepian-Wolf (SW) region with a helper, referred to as h-SW region, even though it is a sufficient condition. Then, the outage is defined as the average probability that the two regions do not have an intersection. The explicit expressions of the outage probability of the system are derived, in the form of multiple integrals with respect to the probability density function of instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios of each link. To have an indepth insight regarding the contributions of some special cases to the successful transmission probability, the occurrence probabilities of these cases are also evaluated. The results indicate that outage probabilities decrease as the correlation between the source and helper information increases. The impacts of geometric gains of each link and the correlation of each link's fading variation are also considered. The most significant finding of this paper is that h-SW over a MAC improves the throughput efficiency compared to the orthogonal transmission both in independent and correlated block Rayleigh fading channels without sacrificing the outage probability.

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Factor graph based navigation and positioning for control system design: A review

Xiao

et al. 2022

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics

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Integrated Factor Graph Algorithm for DOA-Based Geolocation and Tracking

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

A TOA-DOA Hybrid Factor Graph-Based Technique for Multi-Target Geolocation and Tracking

A TOA-DOA Hybrid Factor Graph-Based Technique for Multi-Target Geolocation and Tracking

Outage Probability of One-Source-With-One- Helper Sensor Systems in Block Rayleigh Fading Multiple Access Channels

Factor graph based navigation and positioning for control system design: A review

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