Integrated Framework for Test and Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles must pass effective standard tests to verify their reliability and safety. Accordingly, it is very important to establish a complete scientific test and evaluation system for autonomous vehicles. A comprehensive framework incorporating the design of test scenarios, selection of evaluation indexes, and establishment of an evaluation system is proposed in this paper. The aims of the system are to obtain an objective and quantitative score regarding the intelligence of autonomous vehicles, and to form an automated process in the future development. The proposed framework is built on a simulation platform to ensure the feasibility of the design and implementation of the test scenarios. The design principle for the test scenarios is also presented. To reduce subjective influences, the proposed framework selects objective indexes from four aspects: safety, comfort, driving performance, and standard regulations. The order relation analysis method is adopted to formulate the index weights, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to quantify the scores. Finally, a numerical example is provided to visually demonstrate the evaluation results for the autonomous vehicles scored by the proposed framework.

Establishment of reference intervals for plasma metanephrines in seated position measured by LC-MS/MS and assessment of diagnostic performance in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma

“…At present, most seated reference range data has been published by labs in western countries. In China and even in East Asia, only individual single-centre seated 16 or supine reference intervals have been reported, 21,22 and some studies just used HPLC or LC-ECD methods, and no large-sample or multi-centre seated plasma reference has been established. Therefore, the reference intervals established in this study have certain reference values, especially in non-western countries.…”