Integrated lung tissue mechanics one piece at a time: Computational modeling across the scales of biology

Burrowes, Kelly; Iravani, Amin; Kang, Wendy B.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.01.002

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…There are hypotheses into how the pathological changes of the COVID-19 lung lead to the different changes in function at the macroscale but visualization of these microscale changes in vivo is challenging due to inadequate imaging resolution and lack of validated testing protocols. Use of in silico modeling and simulation techniques could allow for visualization of lung micromechanics to better understand functional changes in COVID-19 [ 137 , 138 ]. There is currently great variation in procedures used in postmortem studies of COVID-19 pathology and in order to make better comparisons between studies, standardized procedures and classification systems would be beneficial [ 139 , 140 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of microscale lung damage for COVID-19 pulmonary ventilation dynamics: A narrative review

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic surges on as vast research is produced to study the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease state it induces. Still, little is known about the impact of COVID-19-induced microscale damage in the lung on global lung dynamics. This review summarizes the key histological features of SARS-CoV-2 infected alveoli and links the findings to structural tissue changes and surfactant dysfunction affecting tissue mechanical behavior similar to changes seen in other lung injury. Along with typical findings of diffuse alveolar damage affecting the interstitium of the alveolar walls and blood-gas barrier in the alveolar airspace, COVID-19 can cause extensive microangiopathy in alveolar capillaries that further contribute to mechanical changes in the tissues and may differentiate it from previously studied infectious lung injury. Understanding microlevel damage impact on tissue mechanics allows for better understanding of macroscale respiratory dynamics. Knowledge gained from studies into the relationship between microscale and macroscale lung mechanics can allow for optimized treatments to improve patient outcomes in case of COVID-19 and future respiratory-spread pandemics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of microscale lung damage for COVID-19 pulmonary ventilation dynamics: A narrative review

et al. 2021

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“…Some of these limitations might be addressed by computational simulations (Burrowes et al 2018). Computational modelling has the potential to advance our understanding of the acinar micromechanics and alveolar interdependence including the effects down to the cellular level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The micromechanics of lung alveoli: structure and function of surfactant and tissue components

Knudsen

Ochs

2018

Histochem Cell Biol

293

223

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The mammalian lung´s structural design is optimized to serve its main function: gas exchange. It takes place in the alveolar region (parenchyma) where air and blood are brought in close proximity over a large surface. Air reaches the alveolar lumen via a conducting airway tree. Blood flows in a capillary network embedded in inter-alveolar septa. The barrier between air and blood consists of a continuous alveolar epithelium (a mosaic of type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells), a continuous capillary endothelium and the connective tissue layer in-between. By virtue of its respiratory movements, the lung has to withstand mechanical challenges throughout life. Alveoli must be protected from over-distension as well as from collapse by inherent stabilizing factors. The mechanical stability of the parenchyma is ensured by two components: a connective tissue fiber network and the surfactant system. The connective tissue fibers form a continuous tensegrity (tension + integrity) backbone consisting of axial, peripheral and septal fibers. Surfactant (surface active agent) is the secretory product of type II alveolar epithelial cells and covers the alveolar epithelium as a biophysically active thin and continuous film. Here, we briefly review the structural components relevant for gas exchange. Then we describe our current understanding of how these components function under normal conditions and how lung injury results in dysfunction of alveolar micromechanics finally leading to lung fibrosis.

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“…To provide a four-dimensional view of airflow patterns in the lung, CT images can be used to develop geometric models of the lung, which then can be combined with fluid flow and tissue mechanics physics-based models. Such physics-based computer models of the lung present an opportunity for gaining valuable insights into pulmonary ventilation dynamics [ 8 , 9 ]. For instance, computational modeling of lung dynamics across multiple spatial scales may allow a deeper understanding of how mechanical changes at the alveolar and acinar levels affect lobar and whole-lung dynamics in CARDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a multi-scale computer modeling workflow for simulation of pulmonary ventilation in advanced COVID-19

Middleton

Dimbath

Pant

et al. 2022

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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Integrated lung tissue mechanics one piece at a time: Computational modeling across the scales of biology

Cited by 13 publications

References 101 publications

Implications of microscale lung damage for COVID-19 pulmonary ventilation dynamics: A narrative review

Implications of microscale lung damage for COVID-19 pulmonary ventilation dynamics: A narrative review

The micromechanics of lung alveoli: structure and function of surfactant and tissue components

Towards a multi-scale computer modeling workflow for simulation of pulmonary ventilation in advanced COVID-19

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