Integrated Management of Insect Vectors of Plant Pathogens

Abstract

A vector is an organism capable of transmitting pathogens from one host to another. Among the plant pathogen transmitting agencies, insect vectors are most important and various plant pathogens in crops are transmitted by insects. Insect vectors are much more hazardous because small population of vector can spread the pathogen in whole of the field or to new areas. These are difficult to manage and hence multi-pronged strategy should be adopted. To effectively manage insect vectors of plant pathogens there is a need to look into the careful timing of application of chemicals, integrated treatment with vector sampling, estimation of threshold level of vectors, assessing infection of pathogen at varying period of the year and combining insecticides with other means of control such as resistant cultivars, natural enemies, inclusion of plant products, cultural practices, biotechnology tools etc. An integration of control measures will be more effective and ecologically sound than any single method to control insect vectors of plant pathogens. The control of insect vectors with the use of various tactics should be used to reduce the severity and to delay appearance of disease.

Diversity of insect carried-fungi in chili (Capsicum annuum) crop at Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia

“…Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and Thysanoptera. This result was in line with the reports of Butter (2018) and Chandi (2021), which stated that the orders Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Dermaptera, and Dictyoptera are insect vectors that can carry pathogens from viruses, bacteria, fungi, as well as phytoplasma. Meanwhile, the report of Wielkopolan et al (2021) showed that 2 (two) insect vectors caused disease in plants from the families Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae, which belong to the order Coleoptera.…”

The microbiota of the grapevine holobiont: A key component of plant health

“…Different gateways have also been described in aerial parts, such as leaf stomata, trichomes, surface wounds or hydathodes [32] , [33] . Piercing and sucking insects ( e.g., leafhoppers, wasps) can also inject microorganisms directly into the plant vascular system [34] , [35] .…”

Isolasi Jamur yang Berasosiasi dengan Kumbang Ambrosia pada Pohon Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus)

“…Vektor adalah organisme yang mampu mentransmisikan patogen dari satu inang ke inang lainnya (Chandi, 2021). Hama yang populer dikenal sebagai vektor adalah serangga, paling penting dan berbagai patogen tanaman pada tanaman ditransmisikan oleh serangga (Chandi, 2021). Ordo serangga yang sering disebut sebagai vektor adalah ordo homoptera seperti kutu kebul, aphid, dan lain-lain.…”