Integrated Management of Water, Lean Gas and Air Injection: The Successful 
Ingredients to IOR Projects on the Mature Handil Field

Duiveman, Marcel; Herwin, Henricus; Grivot, Patrick

doi:10.2523/93858-ms

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Other reported successful air injection projects include Chevron-owned W. Heidelberg Gulf; Total owned Handil oilfields in Indonesia (Gillham et al, 1997;Pascual et al, 2005;Duiveman et al, 2005). In China, we have Baise oilfield (started in 1996), Hu Central Plains 12-Block Zhongyuan (in 2007), Tuha (in 2003), and recently Q131 block in Lioahe oilfield Hongman et al, 2008).…”

Section: Review and Analysis Of Some Air Injection Field Projectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Case Study of Air Injection IOR Process for a Low Permeability Light Oil Reservoir in Eastern China

et al. 2014

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Air Injection into oil reservoirs specially offers unique technical and economic opportunities for secondary and/or tertiary oil recovery in light oil reservoirs with low permeability, in which conventional water injection techniques have been unsuccessful and/or uneconomical. This paper provides a comprehensive overview on the oxidation reactions and improved oil recovery (IOR) processes of air injection into low permeability light oil reservoir based on detailed analysis of some field projects and reservoir simulation case study carried out on a largely dipping, low permeability light oil reservoir, the Q131 oil block located in Eastern China to analyze the characteristics and processes of air injection.Kinetic models of low temperature oxidation (LTO) reactions were designed and used in the reservoir simulation study to predict oxygen consumption in the reservoir, examine the reaction schemes, IOR mechanisms, and the thermal effect of oxidation reactions occurring during the air injection process. The results of the study including temperature effects, oxygen concentration, oil saturation, gas breakthrough, GOR, and cumulative oil produced were outlined and discussed in details. An average of increased oil recovery factor of more than 45% OOIP was achieved when using a maximum of 60000m 3 /day air injection rate and no oxygen breakthrough was observed at the production wells.

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Section: Review and Analysis Of Some Air Injection Field Projectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Case Study of Air Injection IOR Process for a Low Permeability Light Oil Reservoir in Eastern China

et al. 2014

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“…As reported, air injection has recovered 9.4 percent of the OOIP, nearly doubled that produced by water injection in the nearby reservoir. There are also a few field pilots of air injection in China recently, mostly applying air and air foam techniques for IOR in reservoirs with relatively high permeability 18-20 . According to the experience gained in field projects and laboratory studies, the following arguments can be made in favor of the air injection process for light oil reservoirs [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] : Air is universally abundant, and hence, does not pose any supply constraints; The injectivity of air is superior in comparison with water for low permeability reservoirs where air injection can be used for pressure maintenance and as an alternative to water injection; It may have significant cost benefits as an alternative to other gas injectants, such as CO 2 , HC gases and N 2 ; It appeared to be technically and economically successful in all projects to date. There are also concerns on safety and corrosion issues that could be the main reasons why air injection has not been well received in the industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study of Air Injection for IOR in Low Permeability Oil Reservoirs of XinJiang Oilfield China

Hou¹,

Ren

Wang

et al. 2010

International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China

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XinJiang oilfield is located in the Northwest of China, in which large oil reserves have been discovered in reservoirs with very low permeability (<14×10 -3 μm 2 ). These reservoirs are featured with light oil in moderate depth, high reservoir pressure, but relatively low reservoir temperature (65~78 o C) and low oil viscosity (<10mPa•s). Primary production and limited water flooding experience have shown that the recovery factor in these reservoirs is very low due to lack of reservoir energy and poor water injectivity. Gas injection has been optioned as an alternative secondary or tertiary technique to maintain reservoir pressure and/or increase sweeping and displacement efficiency. In this study, the feasibility of air injection via a low temperature oxidation (LTO) process has been studied. Laboratory experiments were focused on LTO characteristics of oil samples at low temperature range and core flooding using air at various reservoir conditions. Reservoir simulation studies were conducted in order to predict the reservoir performance under the air injection scheme and to optimize the operational parameters. The oxygen consumption rates at reservoir temperature and IOR potentials at different reservoir conditions were assessed for a number of selected reservoirs in the region. A pilot project has been designed based on experimental data, reservoir simulation results and field experience of air injection gained in other regions of China. Issues related to safety and corrosion control during air injection and the project economics were also addressed in the paper.

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“…Sofar, only one of those studies has resulted in a field pilot project: the HPAI pilot in the Handil field in Indonesia operated by Total that was started in July 2001 [10]. Results for the first five months of the pilot have been reported to be encouraging, but further results have not been reported to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Alternating High Pressure Air Injection

Batenburg¹,

Zwart²,

Doush³

2010

Proceedings of SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium

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High Pressure Air Injection (HPAI) is a potentially attractive enhanced recovery method for deep, high-pressure light oil reservoirs. The clear advantage of air over other injectants, like hydrocarbon gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or flue gas is its availability at any location. Although, the process has successfully been applied in the Williston Basin for more than two decades, the potential risks associated with the presence of oxygen in air are a significant hurdle for implementation in other locations.Thermal simulations that include combustion are required to quantify the incremental oil, the oxygen consumption and resulting oxygen distribution from the application of HPAI in a given field. Once such a simulation model is available, it can be used to optimize the injection strategy: strategies that have a good incremental recovery while reducing the amount of gas injected are key to a successful project. The injection rate is bounded by a technical lower limit and an economic upper limit: there is a minimum rate required to maintain the combustion and higher rates require larger compressors that are more expensive. This paper focuses on the optimization of the injection strategy for HPAI in a 3D model with realistic geological features. Numerical simulations with a thermal model that includes combustion were conducted for continuous versus alternating air injection. A critical assumption for alternating air injection is that the remaining oil spontaneously re-ignites.This study shows that water alternating air injection has a great potential to improve HPAI projects: project life can be extended and incremental recovery is improved when compared with continuous air injection. In addition, the variation in distribution of oxygen between different cycles is presented. This also illustrates that the numerical model can be used as an oxygen management tool. The effects of alternating air injection are comparable to the effects of alternating gas injection: the saturation in the swept areas changes due to the alternating (re-) invasion of gas, oil and water. This paper illustrates that modeling oxygen consumption is essential for the evaluation of potential risks and optimization of the HPAI process.

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Integrated Management of Water, Lean Gas and Air Injection: The Successful Ingredients to IOR Projects on the Mature Handil Field

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Case Study of Air Injection IOR Process for a Low Permeability Light Oil Reservoir in Eastern China

Case Study of Air Injection IOR Process for a Low Permeability Light Oil Reservoir in Eastern China

Feasibility Study of Air Injection for IOR in Low Permeability Oil Reservoirs of XinJiang Oilfield China

Water Alternating High Pressure Air Injection

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