Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of the anthocyanin regulatory networks in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. flowers

Jiang, Tao; Zhang, Meide; Wen, Chunxiu; Xie, Xiaoliang; Tian, Wei; Wen, Saiqun; Lu, Ruike; Liu, Lingdi

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-25292/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Each technological change and advancement in sequencing technology has a profound impact on transcriptome research as a means to quickly, accurately, and e ciently interpret gene-level information from medicinal plants. Because of the high-throughput, sensitivity, accuracy, and low-cost advantages of NGS, it is widely used as a technical tool to reveal more information about the genes of medicinal plants [32][33][34][35]. Currently, transcriptome studies of A. mongholicus are mainly based on NGS [28,30,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Length Transcriptome Sequences by A Combination of Sequencing Platforms Applied to Isoflavonoid and Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis of Astragalus Mongholicus Bunge

Yin

Chu

Shan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Astragalus mongholicus Bunge is an important medicinal plant and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a long history, which is rich in isoflavonoids and triterpenoid saponins. Although these active constituents in A. mongholicus have been discovered for a long time, the molecular genetic basis of the isoflavonoid and triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis pathways is virtually unknown due to the lack of a reference genome. The combination of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to analyze genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants has been widely recognized.Results: In this study, NGS, SMRT sequencing, and targeted compounds were combined to investigate the association between isoflavonoids and triterpenoid saponins and gene expression in roots, stems and leaves of A. mongholicus. A total of four main isoflavonoids and four astragalosides (belong to triterpenoid saponins) were measured, and 44 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of nine gene families, 44 DEGs of 16 gene families that encode for enzymes involved in isoflavonoid and triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis were identified, separately. Additionally, transcription factors (TFs) associated with isoflavonoid and triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis were analyzed, including 72 MYBs, 53 bHLHs, 64 AP2-EREBPs and 11 bZIPs. The above transcripts exhibit different expression trends in different organs.Conclusions: Our study provides important genetic information for the essential genes of isoflavonoid and triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in A. mongholicus, and provides a basis for developing its medicinal value.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Length Transcriptome Sequences by A Combination of Sequencing Platforms Applied to Isoflavonoid and Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis of Astragalus Mongholicus Bunge

Yin

Chu

Shan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Anthocyanins are the predominant compounds of floral coloration, existing in over 90% of angiosperms [11]. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway leading to accumulation of anthocyanins is highly conserved and well characterized, and has been extensively studied in many species, most of which are in model plants or agriculturally and horticulturally important plants [12][13][14][15]. Few studies have examined the molecular basis underlying the formation and accumulation of anthocyanin in wild species [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expressions of anthocyanin synthesis genes underlie flower color divergence in a sympatric Rhododendron sanguineum complex

Möller

Luo

et al. 2021

BMC Plant Biol

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Background The Rhododendron sanguineum complex is endemic to alpine mountains of northwest Yunnan and southeast Tibet of China. Varieties in this complex exhibit distinct flower colors even at the bud stage. However, the underlying molecular regulations for the flower color variation have not been well characterized. Here, we investigated this via measuring flower reflectance profiles and comparative transcriptome analyses on three coexisting varieties of the R. sanguineum complex, with yellow flush pink, bright crimson, and deep blackish crimson flowers respectively. We compared the expression levels of differentially-expressed-genes (DEGs) of the anthocyanin / flavonoid biosynthesis pathway using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data. We performed clustering analysis based on transcriptome-derived Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) data, and finally analyzed the promoter architecture of DEGs. Results Reflectance spectra of the three color morphs varied distinctively in the range between 400 and 700 nm, with distinct differences in saturation, brightness, hue, and saturation/hue ratio, an indirect measurement of anthocyanin content. We identified 15,164 orthogroups that were shared among the three varieties. The SNP clustering analysis indicated that the varieties were not monophyletic. A total of 40 paralogous genes encoding 12 enzymes contributed to the flower color polymorphism. These anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes were associated with synthesis, modification and transportation properties (RsCHS, RsCHI, RsF3H, RsF3′H, RsFLS, RsANS, RsAT, RsOMT, RsGST), as well as genes involved in catabolism and degradation (RsBGLU, RsPER, RsCAD). Variations in sequence and cis-acting elements of these genes might correlate with the anthocyanin accumulation, thus may contribute to the divergence of flower color in the R. sanguineum complex. Conclusions Our results suggested that the varieties are very closely related and flower color variations in the R. sanguineum complex correlate tightly with the differential expression levels of genes involved in the anabolic and catabolic synthesis network of anthocyanin. Our study provides a scenario involving intricate relationships between genetic mechanisms for floral coloration accompanied by gene flow among the varieties that may represent an early case of pollinator-mediated incipient sympatric speciation.

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“…Flavonoids are known for their high medicinal value and widely found in medicinal plants, such as Perilla frutescens 13 , Salvia miltiorrhiza 14 , and Dendrobium catenatum 15 . Flavonoids can be classi ed into several categories, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Data Reveal The Flavonoid Biosynthesis Metabolic Pathway In Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Using Transcriptomic And Metabolomic

Jiang

Liu

Wen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS) is used to treat neurasthenia, insomnia, and anxiety in China. The extract from SZS contains many bioactive components, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Among these, the flavonoids are the main bioactive compounds that have been proven to be responsible for the sedative effects. In this study, a total of 13232 differentially expressed genes and 83 flavonoid metabolites were identified at three different growth and development stages (T1, T2, and T3) of SZS using transcriptomic and metabolomic. The main flavonoid metabolic components of SZS were catechin, L-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (+)-gallocatechin, spinosin and its derivatives. A total of 53 unigenes encoding 15 enzymes were identified as candidate genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in SZS. Among, PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, FLS, FNS, ANS, ANR, LAR, and UFGT genes were all downregulated in T3 than in T1. The expression levels of these genes influence the accumulation of flavonoids in SZS. Our results should provide valuable information for flavonoid metabolites and candidate genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis on SZS.

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Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of the anthocyanin regulatory networks in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. flowers

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Full-Length Transcriptome Sequences by A Combination of Sequencing Platforms Applied to Isoflavonoid and Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis of Astragalus Mongholicus Bunge

Full-Length Transcriptome Sequences by A Combination of Sequencing Platforms Applied to Isoflavonoid and Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis of Astragalus Mongholicus Bunge

Differential expressions of anthocyanin synthesis genes underlie flower color divergence in a sympatric Rhododendron sanguineum complex

Integrated Data Reveal The Flavonoid Biosynthesis Metabolic Pathway In Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Using Transcriptomic And Metabolomic

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