Integrated Modelling of Runoff, Alkalinity, and pH on a Daily Basis

Bergström, Sten; Carlsson, Bengt; Sandberg, G.W.; Maxe, Lena

doi:10.2166/nh.1985.0008

Cited by 68 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The soil routine of the rainfall runoff model HBV (Bergström et al, 1985) was run on the hydrological data in order to check the water balance of the lysimeters. Previously, the model had been used successfully for soil moisture and groundwater recharge simulations (Sandén and Warfvinge, 1992) …”

Section: Statistical Analyses and Budget Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of chloride in soil and cycling of organic matter-bound chlorine

Öberg

Sandén

2005

Hydrol. Process.

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Abstract:Chloride (Cl inorg ) is generally considered to be a hydrologically and chemically inert substance. Past research suggests that Cl inorg participates in a complex biogeochemical cycle involving the formation of organically bound chlorine (Cl org ). The present study examines whether Cl org cycling is sufficiently extensive as to influence the geochemical cycling of Cl inorg . Undisturbed soil cores were collected in a coniferous forest soil in SE Sweden. The cores were stored in climate chambers for three months, irrigated with artificial rain, and the leachate was collected and analysed. The water balance of the lysimeters could be well described, and we found that 20-50% of the chlorine leached from the lysimeters was organically bound and that the amounts lost did not decrease with time. This strongly suggests that a substantial amount of Cl org forms in topsoil, and that subsequent leaching to deeper layers causes a considerable withdrawal of Cl inorg . The concentration of both organic carbon and Cl org in the leachate was considerably higher than concentrations observed in the runoff in the actual catchment, suggesting that organic matter precipitates or is mineralized on its way through the soil.

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Section: Statistical Analyses and Budget Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of chloride in soil and cycling of organic matter-bound chlorine

Öberg

Sandén

2005

Hydrol. Process.

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“…Thirdly, in such regions the soil, vegetation and even canopy cover are quite important components in the chemical cycling, and the processes inherent in elemental attenuation and release in these (Figure 1). Similarly, the modelling of forested watersheds outside the US is equally active, with a well-established history; a few of the more commonly referenced ®eld sites are Afon Hafron Catchment, Wales (Christopherson et al, 1990); Allt a' Mharcaidh Catchment, Scotland (Stone et al, 1990); Birkenes, Norway (Wright, 1982); Duddon Catchment, England (Tipping, 1989); Elbe and Trnavka River Basin, Czech Republic (Paces, 1983); FunaÈ sdalen, NolsjoÈ n, and Assman Basins, Sweden (BergstroÈ m et al, 1985); Harp Lake, Ontario, Canada (Rustad et al, 1986); Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario, Canada (Bobba and Lam, 1988). The second archetypal watershed is the bare rock watershed type (BRWT).…”

Section: Watershed Hydrogeological Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical modelling on the bare rock or forested watershed scale

Bassett

1997

Hydrol. Process.

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The simulation of weathering, solute distribution or acidi®cation at the catchment scale is predominantly done with either a mass balance or process level model. The former redistributes total elemental concentrations between known points with measured total concentration, but does not explicitly include catchment hydrology. The latter includes compartmental hydrological models and detailed descriptions of spatially averaged chemical reactions. Interestingly, the model applications tend towards hydrologically dierent watershed structures: mass balance modelling favours bare rock watersheds similar to the Apache Leap Research Site, whereas process level models are applied most often to forested watersheds, among which the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is an example. Although constrained either by mineral or water compositions on the one hand, or calibrated against stream or lake water chemistry on the other, both approaches basically ®t parameters to the geochemical circumstances of the speci®c watershed of interest. Limited success is attained if the hydrological conditions remain within the circumstances of the parameter ®tting. The principal dierences in model formulation and approach to mass balance modelling are discussed. Without advancements in model calibration and rigorous model testing, and the development of methods for optimizing the important reactions and pathways, the transportability of models between watersheds or the simulation of extreme events will continue to be inadequate.

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“…1) and was developed at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Its slightly modified version is the PULSE model (Bergstrôm et al, 1985). Both versions have been widely used for different applications (Bergstrôm, 1992).…”

Section: Concept Of the Modelling Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of forest drainage on floods

Iritz

Johansson

Lundin

1994

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Forest drainage networks are open ditches excavated for lowering the groundwater level in wetland areas to improve growing conditions for the trees. This procedure creates longer discharge surfaces for input to groundwater and shorter pathways for groundwater and overland flow to the channel system, which in turn, changes the basic runoff processes in the catchment. The hydrological effects of forest drainage have been the subject of studies for many years but the conclusions reached are conflicting because of the diversity of conditions as well as the constraints of data availability and the limited accuracy of the methods applied. This study applied three techniques (the control basin method, as well as conceptual and distributed models) for examining whether or not forest drainage increased peak flows. Small basins were investigated, and estimated parameters were transferred to a larger basin. This paper briefly presents the case study areas, the research concept and the methods applied. The computations showed that the peak flows decreased in general after drainage works. According to all three methods, the effect on the peak flows was larger after dry periods. Event simulations made by the Système Hydrologique Européen (SHE) model suggested that the highest peak flows could be increased by drainage in cases of intensive rainstorms in catchments with already high (close to the soil surface) groundwater level. The general tendency of the drainage effects was that a lowered groundwater level had greater influence on peak flow formation than the increased channel conveyance capacity in the drained catchments.Impacts sur les crues du drainage des forêts Résumé Les réseaux de drainage en forêt sont des canaux à ciel ouvert creusés pour rabattre le niveau de la nappe dans les zones humides afin d'améliorer les conditions de croissance des arbres. Ceci crée des surfaces de déversement vers la nappe plus importantes, des voies de passage vers la nappe plus courtes et un écoulement superficiel vers le système de canaux, ce qui modifie en retour les processus fondamentaux du ruissellement dans le bassin-versant. Les effets hydrologiques du drainage des forêts ont fait l'objet d'études pendant de nombreuses années mais les conclusions obtenues sont contradictoires en raison de la diversité des conditions et des contraintes dues aux données disponibles et à la précision limitée des méthodes utilisées. Cette étude est consacrée à l'application de trois techniques, la méthode du "bassin de contrôle"Open for discussion until 1 June 1995 638Lâszlô Iritz et al.ainsi que de modèles conceptuels et distribués, afin de voir si le drainage des forêts augmente les débits de pointe. De petits bassins-versants ont été étudiés et les paramètres qui y ont été évalués ont été transposés à des bassins versants de plus grand taille. Cette note présente brièvement les zones étudiées, le principe de la recherche et les méthodes utilisées. Les calculs ont montré qu'en règle générale les débits de pointe diminuaient après des travau...

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Integrated Modelling of Runoff, Alkalinity, and pH on a Daily Basis

Cited by 68 publications

References 6 publications

Retention of chloride in soil and cycling of organic matter-bound chlorine

Retention of chloride in soil and cycling of organic matter-bound chlorine

Chemical modelling on the bare rock or forested watershed scale

Impacts of forest drainage on floods

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