Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture By-Products with Added Value: The Polychaete Sabella spallanzanii and the Seaweed Chaetomorpha linum as Potential Dietary Ingredients

Abstract

Aquaculture expansion is limited by the negative environmental impact of the waste and the need for alternative sources in the diet of reared fish. In this framework, for the first time, the survival rates, biomass gain, and fatty acid profiles of the polychaete Sabella spallanzanii and the macroalga Chaetomorpha linum, reared/cultivated as bioremediators in an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system (IMTA), were evaluated for their potential reuse applications. Results showed that these organisms represent a natural source of omega-3 and omega-6. On account of the overall results and the high biomass obtained as by-products, a preliminary study was performed employing both S. spallanzanii and C. linum as new dietary ingredients to feed different sized Dicentrarchus labrax. Fish survival rate, biomass growth, and specific growth rate were determined resulting in no significant differences between control and treated fishes. Histological analyses showed no alterations of the stomach tunica mucosa and submucosa in treated fishes. The eco-friendly approaches applied in the here-realized IMTA system could guarantee the achievement of sustainable by-products represented by the bioremediators S. spallanzanii and C. linum, as well as their reliability as a natural source of compounds beneficial to fish and human health.

The Mediterranean in check: Biological invasions in a changing sea

“…The co‐occurrence of these filter feeders furnishes relevant ecosystem services, in that they effectually clear particulate organic matter and also pseudofeces produced by mussels, which are cultured intensively in the area, acting as bioremediators (Giangrande, Pierri, et al, 2014). Moreover, sabellids are promising even from an economic point of view; owing to their conspicuous and attractive features, their biomass could be employed in aquaculture food production (Stabili et al, 2019) or as ornamental invertebrates for aquariums in order to reduce the unsustainable trade of species imported from tropical areas (Murray, Watson, Giangrande, Licciano, & Bentley, 2013). This is an interesting and relevant case study that shows the potential positive ecological (bioremediation) and economic impact of some AS, as already proposed by Fanelli (2016), and calls for European regulations in this regard, as, at the moment, the use of AS is not permitted by current European regulations.…”

1H-NMR metabolomics reveals a multitarget action of Crithmum maritimum ethyl acetate extract in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth

“…Observed peaks were attributed to the tetrapyrrole ring N–H protons signals 17 . In particular, signals at 11.16, 11.18, 10.47, 10.37, and in the range 9.95–9.6 ppm were assigned to chlorophyll b, while chlorophyll a and its pheophytins derivatives resonances were observed in the range 9.6–9.32 ppm and 8.53–8.1 ppm 26 , 27 .…”

“…All the 1 H-NMR spectra were calibrated to the internal standard TMS (δ = 0.00 ppm). Characterization of metabolites was performed by the analysis of two-dimensional homo- and heteronuclear NMR spectra (2D 1 H J-resolved, 1 H COSY, 1 H- 13 C HSQC, and HMBC) and by comparison with published data 17 , 21 , 22 , 24 – 27 , 58 .…”

An Innovative IMTA System: Polychaetes, Sponges and Macroalgae Co-Cultured in a Southern Italian In-Shore Mariculture Plant (Ionian Sea)

“…This species was chosen because it represents a natural and abundant element of the fouling communities all around in the area [73][74][75]77]. Of the 196 collectors, only 184 were followed until the end of the year cycle because some of them were utilized for a previous experimentation on S. spallanzanii biomass [78].…”

“…Macroalgae could be an important by product too, highlighting their capacity of producing bioactive compounds for multiple applications [49,78,[112][113][114]. In particular, in the lipidic extract of C. linum from the Taranto sea, Stabili et al [49] demonstrated the existence of antibacterial and antioxidant activity against common pathogens in aquaculture, such as Vibrio ordalii and Vibrio vulnificus.…”