Integrated peanut aflatoxin management for increase income and nutrition in Northern Ghana

Sugri, Issah; Osiru, M.; Abudulai, Mumuni; Abubakari, Mutari; Asieku, Yahaya; Lamini, Salim; Zakaria, M.U.M. Abu

doi:10.1080/23311932.2017.1312046

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The manufacturers can also have in-house validation of aflatoxin testing using the commercial aflatoxin testing kits to screen for aflatoxins in peanuts or other ingredients in peanut-based products such as spices. The involvement of the private sector in raising the public awareness on aflatoxin risk through public talks, trainings, fact sheets, social media and radio broadcasts might help to disseminate information and increase the knowledge among the peanut retailers and consumers as the majority of them are unaware of aflatoxin contamination (Sugri et al, 2017).…”

Section: Aflatoxin Management In Peanuts Along the Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus section Flavi and Aflatoxins: Occurrence, Detection, and Identification in Raw Peanuts and Peanut-Based Products Along the Supply Chain

et al. 2019

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Aflatoxin contamination in foods is a global concern as they are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic compounds. The aflatoxin-producing fungi, mainly from the Aspergillus section Flavi, are ubiquitous in nature and readily contaminate various food commodities, thereby affecting human’s health. The incidence of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxins in various types of food, especially raw peanuts and peanut-based products along the supply chain has been a concern particularly in countries having tropical and sub-tropical climate, including Malaysia. These climatic conditions naturally support the growth of Aspergillus section Flavi, especially A. flavus, particularly when raw peanuts and peanut-based products are stored under inappropriate conditions. Peanut supply chain generally consists of several major stakeholders which include the producers, collectors, exporters, importers, manufacturers, retailers and finally, the consumers. A thorough examination of the processes along the supply chain reveals that Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxins could occur at any step along the chain, from farm to table. Thus, this review aims to give an overview on the prevalence of Aspergillus section Flavi and the occurrence of aflatoxins in raw peanuts and peanut-based products, the impact of aflatoxins on global trade, and aflatoxin management in peanuts with a special focus on peanut supply chain in Malaysia. Furthermore, aflatoxin detection and quantification methods as well as the identification of Aspergillus section Flavi are also reviewed herein. This review could help to shed light to the researchers, peanut stakeholders and consumers on the risk of aflatoxin contamination in peanuts along the supply chain.

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Section: Aflatoxin Management In Peanuts Along the Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus section Flavi and Aflatoxins: Occurrence, Detection, and Identification in Raw Peanuts and Peanut-Based Products Along the Supply Chain

et al. 2019

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“…Aflatoxins including aflatoxin B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 (AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 and AFG 2 ) are highly toxic and carcinogenic substances and hard to be eliminated from contaminated materials [ 3 – 5 ]. Peanut tend to be infected by A. flavus covering the whole industrial chain including pre-harvest, during harvest, post-harvest drying, in storage and during transport [ 6 – 8 ]. A lot of prevention strategies for aflatoxin contamination have been implemented, including using bio-control agents, taking good agricultural practices and planting resistant varieties [ 9 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of genomic regions and diagnostic markers for resistance to aflatoxin contamination in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Huai

Huang

et al. 2019

BMC Genet

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BackgroundAflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus is a major constraint to peanut industry worldwide due to its toxicological effects to human and animals. Developing peanut varieties with resistance to seed infection and/or aflatoxin accumulation is the most effective and economic strategy for reducing aflatoxin risk in food chain. Breeding for resistance to aflatoxin in peanut is a challenging task for breeders because the genetic basis is still poorly understood. To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to aflatoxin contamination in peanut, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed from crossing Zhonghua 10 (susceptible) with ICG 12625 (resistant). The percent seed infection index (PSII), the contents of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) of RILs were evaluated by a laboratory kernel inoculation assay.ResultsTwo QTLs were identified for PSII including one major QTL with 11.32–13.00% phenotypic variance explained (PVE). A total of 12 QTLs for aflatoxin accumulation were detected by unconditional analysis, and four of them (qAFB1A07 and qAFB1B06.1 for AFB1, qAFB2A07 and qAFB2B06 for AFB2) exhibited major and stable effects across multiple environments with 9.32–21.02% PVE. Furthermore, not only qAFB1A07 and qAFB2A07 were co-localized in the same genetic interval on LG A07, but qAFB1B06.1 was also co-localized with qAFB2B06 on LG B06. Conditional QTL mapping also confirmed that there was a strong interaction between resistance to AFB1 and AFB2 accumulation. Genotyping of RILs revealed that qAFB1A07 and qAFB1B06.1 interacted additively to improve the resistance to both AFB1 and AFB2 accumulation. Additionally, validation of the two markers was performed in diversified germplasm collection and four accessions with resistance to aflatoxin accumulation were identified.ConclusionsSingle major QTL for resistance to PSII and two important co-localized intervals associated with major QTLs for resistance to AFB1 and AFB2. Combination of these intervals could improve the resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in peanut. SSR markers linked to these intervals were identified and validated. The identified QTLs and associated markers exhibit potential to be applied in improvement of resistance to aflatoxin contamination.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-019-0734-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…A major objective of this research was to determine the impact of practices in the field during the growing cycle and at the drying and storing stages on aflatoxin contamination in peanut just prior to consumption or marketing. Generally, aflatoxin contamination in peanut across northern Ghana and in particular at these experimental locations was relatively low in 2015 and 2016 (Sugri et al, 2017). This limited the ability to make adequate comparisons across treatments at each step in the supply chain relative to aflatoxin contamination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Agricultural Practices to Increase Yield and Financial Return and Minimize Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut in Northern Ghana

Abudulai¹,

Mahama²,

Dzomeku³

et al. 2020

Peanut Science

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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and financial returns are often low for smallholder farmers in Ghana.&nbsp; Additionally, aflatoxin concentration in foods derived from peanut can be high enough to adversely affect human health.&nbsp; Eight experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in northern Ghana to compare yield, financial returns, pest reaction, and aflatoxin contamination at harvest with traditional farmer versus improved practices.&nbsp; Relative to the farmer practice, the improved practice consisted of weeding one extra time, applying local potassium-based soaps to suppress arthropods and pathogens, and application of either homogenized oyster shells or a commercial blend of fertilizer containing calcium.&nbsp; Each of these field treatments were followed by either drying peanut on the soil surface and storing in traditional poly bags or drying peanut on tarps and storing in hermetically-sealed bags for 4 months.&nbsp; Peanut yield and financial returns were significantly greater when a commercial blend of fertilizer or oyster shells were applied compared to the farmer practice of not applying any fertilizer.&nbsp; Yield and financial returns were greater when a commercial fertilizer blend was applied compared with oyster shells.&nbsp; Severity of early leaf spot [caused by <em>Passalora arachidicola</em> (Hori) U. Braun] and late leaf spot [caused by <em>Nothopassalora personata</em> (Berk. &amp; M.A. Curtis) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira &amp; Crous], scarring and penetration of pods by arthropods, and the number of arthropods at harvest were higher for the farmer practice than for either fertility treatment; no difference was noted when comparing across fertility treatments.&nbsp; Less aflatoxin was observed for both improved practices in the field compared with the farmer practice.&nbsp; Drying peanut on tarps resulted in less aflatoxin compared to drying peanut on the ground regardless of treatments in the field.&nbsp; Aflatoxin concentration after storage was similar when comparing post-harvest treatments of drying on soil surface and storing in poly bags vs. drying on tarps and storing in hermetically-sealed bags. These results demonstrate that substantial financial gain can be realized when management in the field is increased compared with the traditional farmer practice.

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Integrated peanut aflatoxin management for increase income and nutrition in Northern Ghana

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Aspergillus section Flavi and Aflatoxins: Occurrence, Detection, and Identification in Raw Peanuts and Peanut-Based Products Along the Supply Chain

Aspergillus section Flavi and Aflatoxins: Occurrence, Detection, and Identification in Raw Peanuts and Peanut-Based Products Along the Supply Chain

Identification of genomic regions and diagnostic markers for resistance to aflatoxin contamination in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Evaluation of Agricultural Practices to Increase Yield and Financial Return and Minimize Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut in Northern Ghana

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