2015
DOI: 10.3390/insects6010152
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Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa

Abstract: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a leading complement and alternative to synthetic pesticides and a form of sustainable intensification with particular importance for tropical smallholders. Global pesticide use has grown over the past 20 years to 3.5 billion kg/year, amounting to a global market worth $45 billion. The external costs of pesticides are $4–$19 (€3–15) per kg of active ingredient applied, suggesting that IPM approaches that result in lower pesticide use will benefit, not only farmers, but also … Show more

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citations
Cited by 428 publications
(294 citation statements)
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References 91 publications
(138 reference statements)
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“…Extensive Use of Bacteria and Fungi to Manage Agricultural Pests Biological pest control is currently widely used in forestry, horticulture, and intensive glasshouse production of fruits and vegetables, but it has been successfully used on outdoor field crops in relatively few cases (e.g., control of cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti in Africa [28]). Recent advances in genetic screening and engineering are now enabling the widespread use of biological pest control or growth stimulation treatments based on bacteria or fungi.…”
Section: Bumblebee Invasions In New Regionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Extensive Use of Bacteria and Fungi to Manage Agricultural Pests Biological pest control is currently widely used in forestry, horticulture, and intensive glasshouse production of fruits and vegetables, but it has been successfully used on outdoor field crops in relatively few cases (e.g., control of cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti in Africa [28]). Recent advances in genetic screening and engineering are now enabling the widespread use of biological pest control or growth stimulation treatments based on bacteria or fungi.…”
Section: Bumblebee Invasions In New Regionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are currently no records of bumblebee invasions in South Africa, yet the import of bumblebee colonies for agricultural use has been promoted, despite non-native bumblebees posing a substantial risk to native South African species, including carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.). Bumblebees can also act as vectors, introducing novel infectious diseases as they spread to new regions [27].Extensive Use of Bacteria and Fungi to Manage Agricultural Pests Biological pest control is currently widely used in forestry, horticulture, and intensive glasshouse production of fruits and vegetables, but it has been successfully used on outdoor field crops in relatively few cases (e.g., control of cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti in Africa [28]). Recent advances in genetic screening and engineering are now enabling the widespread use of biological pest control or growth stimulation treatments based on bacteria or fungi.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Sri Lanka, Costa Rica and Nicaragua, 4-7% farmers suffer bad-health from agricultural pesticide each year (Athukorala et al, 2010). Pingali and Roger (1995) estimated the human health costs of pesticide use in irrigated rice systems of the Philippines, and compared the economics of three pest control strategies: complete protection comprising nine sprays per season, economic threshold decisions involving two sprays per season, and IPM with no pesticides. It is recommended "the value of crops lost to pests is invariably lower than the cost of treating pesticide-related illness and the associated loss in farmer productivity (Pingali and Roger, 1995).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, agroecological alternatives such as Integrated Pest Management 123 are knowledge-intensive, and need effective extension and support services to mobilize new 124 techniques, train farmers and provide ongoing support (Pretty and Bharucha 2015). 125 126 Many compounds have been used for years after serious health and environmental problems were 127 identified, particularly in developing countries (e.g.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%