Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for Small-Scale Farms in Developed Economies: Challenges and Opportunities

Grasswitz, Tessa R.

doi:10.3390/insects10060179

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…Many small-scale farmers and urban gardeners in this region are from immigrant farming communities including Latino, Hmung, East African, and Eastern European farmer-operators (Ostrom and Donovan 2015). To encourage participation from such underrepresented groups, we suggest that researchers engage with community leaders to develop culturally sensitive monitoring guides (e.g., Spanish language translations) and training materials (Pandya 2012;Grasswitz 2019). For example, in Hmung culture, the written language is rarely used and farmers typically learn through storytelling and visual means.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promoting Data Collection in Pollinator Citizen Science Projects

Bloom

Crowder

2020

Citizen Science: Theory and Practice

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Pollinators provide ecosystem services that are threatened by the loss of wild and managed bees. Citizen scientists can monitor bees to yield useful data that may guide conservation of threatened bee populations. However, the factors that promote data collection in pollinator citizen science projects are largely unknown, inhibiting development of citizen science that promotes pollinator conservation. We used data from two citizen science projects to assess factors that mediated data collection by volunteers who monitored bees in Washington State, USA, from 2015 to 2017. One project monitored bee-plant interactions with photography; the other gave volunteers nest boxes to monitor cavity-nesting bees. Both projects involved educational trainings, although the project methods differed. Volunteers were given post-training questionnaires to assess their motivations for participation and to evaluate if the volunteer's level of educational attainment influenced data collection. Citizen scientists who monitored cavity-nesting bees were more likely than those who monitored plant-bee interactions to submit data. Data collection was independent of educational attainment, and participants in both projects were more likely to volunteer for their own educational reasons rather than to collect data. Our findings suggest that pollinator citizen science projects which use nest boxes to monitor cavity-nesting bees will receive more data submissions, indicating that these projects may be particularly useful for monitoring pollinators. More broadly, our results suggest that researchers must carefully evaluate project methods, and volunteer motivations, prior to offering trainings to increase rates of data collection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in Hmung culture, the written language is rarely used and farmers typically learn through storytelling and visual means. Therefore, citizen science training guides would likely need to be developed in video format to reach this underrepresented demographic (Grasswitz 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Data Collection in Pollinator Citizen Science Projects

Bloom

Crowder

2020

Citizen Science: Theory and Practice

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“…Innovative and sustainable options for overcoming these challenges are greatly needed, particularly for regions that have high production costs and labor shortages (e.g., Hawaii and Puerto Rico). For small-scale growers, exclusion systems have the potential to improve fruit quality, while saving time and money by eliminating the need to apply costly pesticides [ 65 , 66 ]. Furthermore, nets can provide a level of assurance to growers that they will have a marketable crop even if labor is insufficient to conduct sanitation and frequent harvesting [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei) Management

Johnson

Fortna

Manoukis

2020

Insects

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Exclusion nets are increasingly being used to protect a variety of agricultural crops from insect pests as a sustainable alternative to chemical controls. We examined the efficacy of exclusion nets in controlling the world’s most damaging insect pest of coffee, Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer), on two small-scale coffee farms on Hawai’i Island. We recorded microclimate data, fruit infestation, population per fruit, sex ratio, mortality by Beauveria bassiana, coffee yield and quality in four paired exclusion and control (un-netted) plots on both farms. Mean and maximum daily temperature and relative humidity were similar between treatments, while mean and maximum daily solar radiation was reduced by ~50% in exclusion plots. Green and ripe fruit from exclusion plots had significantly lower infestation compared to un-netted control plots at both farms. We observed no significant difference between exclusion and control plots in the number of CBB per fruit or the female:male sex ratio. CBB mortality was significantly higher in control relative to exclusion plots in one of the two farms. Ripe fruits harvested from exclusion plots were on average significantly heavier and wider than those from control plots; however, there was no significant difference in the average yield per tree between treatments. Lastly, coffee quality was not significantly different between control and exclusion plots. Our results suggest that with complete sanitation prior to net installation in an environment where CBB is actively circulating, exclusion netting can successfully control CBB on small-scale coffee farms without reducing coffee yield or quality, and has the potential to lower production and labor costs by eliminating the need to spray pesticides.

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“…Large-scale production of e-traps is considered to strongly decrease costs to the level that farmers will accept to adopt this technology, as other technologies have been rapidly adopted by the society (i.e., mobile phones or global navigation satellite systems) [50]. In this particular case of olive production in the Balearics, production plots are medium-or small-sized (2 to 10 h) and mostly lack public or private advisory system for pest control [7]. Growers might be particularly interested in replacing current monitoring system based on labor-intensive field scouting with affordable semi-automated and eventually automated monitoring systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, monitoring of a pest by using automatic monitoring of the pest (e.g., electronic traps) leads to more accurate information about the abundance of the targeted pest, and when geolocated, to a better understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of the pest. In fact, quick access to time-sensitive information for pest control is a key issue in relation to pest and disease management [7]. Electronic systems are nowadays being developed for different plant pest species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing and Implementation of Decision Support System (DSS) for the Control of Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Oleae, in Mediterranean Olive Orchards

et al. 2019

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Modern agriculture requires technology to give precise measures about relevant parameters such as pest control. Here, we developed a decision support system (DSS) based on semi-automatic pest monitoring for managing the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). The DSS was based on an algorithm that took into account spatial and temporal patterns of olive fruit fly population in an orchard where all trees were georeferenced, thus precise treatments against the pest were conducted through a location aware system (LAS). The olive fruit fly adult population was monitored by using ad hoc off-the-grid autonomous electronic traps.The results were compared with those obtained with conventional methods. For a pilot trial, we selected an olive-producing orchard, where from June to October 2015, three plots using LAS management and three plots under conventional control (NO-LAS plots) were compared. Spray threshold considered both adult population and fruit damage. An additional non-sprayed plot was selected for assessing biological control due to the parasitoid, Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti). Results showed that the use of DSS reduced by 36.84% the volume of insecticide used in LAS compared to NO-LAS plots. Accordingly, time and distance needed for spraying were also reduced. Adult olive fruit fly population was lower in the LAS plots when compared with the NO-LAS plots; conversely, fruit infestation was higher in LAS compared with NO-LAS. The implementation of LAS and DSS at field level allowed real-time monitoring of adult olive flies, thereby increasing the accuracy and precision of sprays in time and space and decreasing impact on natural enemies.

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for Small-Scale Farms in Developed Economies: Challenges and Opportunities

Cited by 60 publications

References 94 publications

Promoting Data Collection in Pollinator Citizen Science Projects

Promoting Data Collection in Pollinator Citizen Science Projects

Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei) Management

Developing and Implementation of Decision Support System (DSS) for the Control of Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Oleae, in Mediterranean Olive Orchards

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