Integrated pest management of fall armyworm infestations in maize fields in Nepal: A review

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda, commonly known as Fall Armyworm (FAW), is amongst the most terrifying pests of maize in Latin America, which unexpectedly appeared in Nepal in 2019 and spread expeditiously. Estimates of maize crop losses due to this pest are vital in order to compare the effect of these losses with the convenient of controlling FAW and suggest pertinent controlling technology and methods. Nepal is predominantly an agrarian nation thus, maize is grown substantially. However, climatic conditions of Nepal favor the outbreaks of pests such as FAW in many maize grown areas. On the grounds that most of the people of hill and mountainous regions depend on maize for their staple food, pests have appeared to be a great threat to cereal production. It causes considerable injuries to maize by feeding on leaf whorls, ears and tassel which often leads to total yield loss. Yet, agriculture is an economic activity, even among subsistence farmers in Nepal. Seeing high potential losses caused by FAW, different control methods have been proposed. This pest demands meticulous and stepwise plan for its management. This review emphasized on adoption of IPM methods of pests’ control, which is the integration of biological, cultural, physical, chemical, and technological approaches. Meanwhile, early warning systems, though poorly developed in Nepal, can be highlighted for further studies and for further research work.

Impact of Different Sowing Windows and Legume Intercrops on the Incidence of Fall Army Worm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Yield of Hybrid Maize in Western Agro Climatic Zone of Tamil Nadu

“…Hence, the alternative technique for the management of FAW should be environment-friendly and cost effective. It was reported that the integrated approach includes push-pull technology, use of botanical extracts, intercropping, natural enemies and parasitoids, utilizing locally available materials like sand, ash, sawdust, etc effectively reduces the incidence of FAW [6,7]. Keeping this in view, the present investigation has been carried out to find a management option that deliberates ecological values.…”

Preliminary inventory of native natural enemies of the new pest; Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

“…The integrated pest management (IPM) concept mainly focuses on the use of the natural enemy of the pest as a biological control method that is environmentally friendly and sustainable (Khatri et al, 2020). Natural enemies such as predatory arthropods and parasitic wasps play important role in managing arthropod pest populations (Hajek and Eilenberg, 2018) in agro-ecosystems (El-Wakeil and Volkmar, 2013;Ali et al, 2018).…”

“…Maize has diversified uses such as animal feeds, poultry feeds, and human consumption (such as Kharang, Tengma, cornmeal and flour) besides other uses (DAMC, 2019). Maize plants are sensitive to insect pest infestations despite their high genetic yield potential (Khatri et al, 2020).…”

A Review on Management of Invasive Insect Pest Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…The rapid global expansion of FAW in short period is because of its migratory behaviour, high dispersal capacity, significant flying ability and high fecundity (Khatri et al, 2020). Moreover, in Africa and Asia, the climatic conditions for fall armyworm are ideal, allowing it to develop many generations in a single season, resulting in the pest becoming endemic to this region.…”