Integrated Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Guvermectin Promoting Seed Germination in Direct-Seeded Rice under Chilling Stress

Abstract

Rice direct seeding technology has been considered as a promising alternative to traditional transplanting because of its advantages in saving labor and water. However, the poor emergence and seedling growth caused by chill stress are the main bottlenecks in wide-scale adoption of direct-seeded rice in Heilongjiang Province, China. Here, we found that natural plant growth regulator guvermectin (GV) effectively improved rice seed germination and seedling growth under chilling stress. Results from 2 year field trials showed that seed-soaking with GV not only enhanced the emergence rate and seedling growth but also increased the panicle number per plant and grain number per panicle, resulting in 9.0 and 6.8% increase in the yield of direct-seeded rice, respectively. Integrative physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic assays revealed that GV promoted seed germination under chilling stress mainly by enhancing the activities of α-amylase and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase), increasing the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein, improving the biosynthesis of glutathione and flavonoids, as well as activating gibberellin-responsive transcription factors and inhibiting the abscisic acid signaling pathway. These findings indicate that seed-soaking with GV has good potential to improve seedling establishment and yield of direct-seeded rice even under chilling stress.

Effects of Low-Salinity Stress on Histology and Metabolomics in the Intestine of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

“…Our study indicated that some DEMs were steadily down-regulated at the early stage of stress in S3 and S7, and these DEMs were more than the up-regulated metabolites during salinity stress, suggesting that acute low salinity exposure induced a drastic change in the metabolite content of the intestine. In a previous study, it led to the general depression of a large number of metabolites under stress exposure [33,34]. With the extension of stress time, F. chinensis gradually adapted to the saline environment through its regulation, and the number of up-regulated DEMs was approximately equal to the number of down-regulated metabolites in S14.…”

Development and Application of the Novel Plant Growth Regulator Guvermectin: A Perspective

“…A combination of integrative physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic assays has demonstrated the methods by which GV enhances seed germination under chilling stress. This enhancement occurs primarily by increasing soluble sugar and soluble protein contents, elevating the activities of α-amylase and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), improving the biosynthesis of glutathione and flavonoids, activating GA-responsive transcription factors, and inhibiting ABA signaling . Alongside chilling stress, heat stress brought on by climate change has also emerged as a major constraint on crop yield.…”

Exogenous Application of Melatonin on the Preservation of Physicochemical and Enzymatic Qualities of Pepper Fruit from Chilling Injury

“…NEAs serve as vital components in plant defense mechanisms against chilling stress by enhancing AO enzyme activity, promoting redox balance, and supporting essential physiological processes [40,49,50]. GSH, GSSG, AsA, and DHA are the primary NEAs that exhibit antioxidant activities in pepper fruits [17].…”