Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis of rice leaves in response to rice straw return

Abstract

Straw return is crucial for the sustainable development of rice planting, but no consistent results were observed for the effect of straw return on rice growth. To investigate the response of rice leaves to rice straw return in Northeast China, two treatments were set, no straw return (S0) and rice straw return (SR). We analyzed the physiological index of rice leaves and measured differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) levels in rice leaves by the use of proteomics and metabolomics approaches. The results showed that, compared with the S0 treatment, the SR treatment significantly decreased the dry weight of rice plants and non-structural carbohydrate contents and destroyed the chloroplast ultrastructure. In rice leaves of SR treatment, 329 DEPs were upregulated, 303 DEPs were downregulated, 44 DEMs were upregulated, and 71 DEMs were downregulated. These DEPs were mainly involved in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, and DEMs were mainly involved in alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, galactose metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and gluconic acid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. Rice straw return promoted the accumulation of scavenging substances of active oxygen and osmotic adjustment substances, such as glutathione, organic acids, amino acids, and other substances. The SR treatment reduced the photosynthetic capacity and energy production of carbon metabolism, inhibiting the growth of rice plants, while the increase of metabolites involved in defense against abiotic stress enhanced the adaptability of rice plants to straw return stress.

The inhibitory potential of green manure return on the germination and seedling growth of Eleusine indica L.

“…Sakit et al (2022) found that the leachate extract of Acacia saligna decreased photosynthesis, PSII activity, and water use efficiency of tested crop species, with evident effects at higher concentrations. Yan et al (2022) found that the straw return treatment could reduce the photosynthetic capacity, inhibiting the growth of rice plants. Kumar and Singh (2018) found higher amounts of CAT and SOD in insect-damaged Ludwigia species compared to undamaged plants.…”

Comparative metabolite profiling of salt sensitive Oryza sativa and the halophytic wild rice Oryza coarctata under salt stress

“…Untargeted metabolomics allows a good understanding of changes in metabolism due to stress at the tissue level in real time. In addition, most of the rice metabolomic studies have focused on leaves, while plants encounter salt stress first in the root (Lawas et al., 2019 ; Yan et al., 2022 ). We performed comparative untargeted/global metabolomics using root tissues of salt‐sensitive O. sativa and highly salt‐tolerant O. coarctata under control (0 mM NaCl) and saline (120 mM NaCl) conditions to reduce the gap in the knowledge of root‐specific adjustments in metabolites which help or hinder the plant to survive as it encounters abnormal salt levels.…”